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  • 學位論文

國家對產業發展的角色扮演─以韓國IT的產業為例

STATE’S ROLE IN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT─A CASE STUDY FOR SOUTH KOREA’S IT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT

指導教授 : 羅至美
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摘要


二次世界大戰結束後,東亞新興經濟體快速發展,成為開發中國家追趕已開發國家的經典案例。然而在時空環境的變化下,這些東亞經濟體過去使用的政策工具和有利之國際環境,逐漸消失或弱化。尤其是在經歷1997年的亞洲金融風暴後,這些東亞經濟體更是在經濟方面遭受嚴重的打擊。然而,當時受害最深的韓國,卻能在短期之內,快速復甦,並且在IT相關產業快速追趕歐美先進國家,引起了筆者的注意,希望透過研究韓國政府和產業的關係,來解答其IT產業的快速發展。 在分析一個國家的經濟和產業發展,主要的理論有二:新古典經濟學派和發展型國家理論。新古典經濟學延續古典經濟學的觀點,認為在政府干預最少的情況下,經濟能達到最有效的運作,然其與古典經濟學不同的是,新古典經濟學派認為現實世界並非完全競爭市場,故在市場失靈時政府有介入的必要。發展型國家理理論源自於對東亞經濟體的觀察,其同意新古典經濟學派的看法,認為融入世界貿易體系有利於國家之經濟發展,然後後發展經濟體的情況稍有不同,這是由於這些經濟體本身體質不良,落後的基礎建設、教育體系、低度工業化與缺乏企業家精神,造成這些經濟體的貧窮惡性循環,發展國家理論派學者認為,只有靠國家介入才能得以解決。稍後,新古典經濟學和發展型國家理論歷經諸多辯論,引發學術界的重視針對以上問題本文透過文獻分析法與歷史研究法,回顧韓國的產業發展和政府干預的過程,並將之作為框架,來分析韓國的IT產業發展,觀察其國際環境與政策工具的變化對政府角色扮演的影響。 本文研究發現,韓國自1960年代的政府干預至1997年之前,大至符合發展型國家理論之解釋,然而在1997年經歷政府援引國際貨幣基金的改革方案後,韓國雖已非過去的發展型國家,亦非新古典經濟學派所言的小政府,而是蛻變為轉型國家,而這種角色扮演,亦較適合目前變化快速的IT產業。

並列摘要


After the end of World War II, the rapid development of emerging economies in East Asia is a classic case of developing countries catching up with the developed countries. However, the change of the environment weakened the policy tools which used by the East Asian economies. Especially East Asian economies suffered from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. However, even though South Korea was the most affected, but South Korea recovery rapidly in short term, and its Information Technology industries to quickly catch up with some developed countries, like West Europe and the United States. I hope to find the answer by studying and analyzing the relation between South Korean government and industry, the rapid development of the IT industry especially. In the analysis of a country's economic and industrial development, there are two important economic theories: neoclassical school and the theory of developmental state. Neoclassical school continuation of classical school’s perspectives, that in situation of minimal government intervention the economy can achieve the most efficient operation. But neo-classical school knows that the real world is not a perfectly market, government has to intervene market when the market failures; Developmental state theory is observation from the experience of East Asian economies. This theory argued every country should integrate into the world trading system, that is conducive to the economic development of the country, But the situation is not suit for late –late development economies, which economy is unhealthy, backward infrastructure and the education system, the low degree of industrialization and a lack of entrepreneurial spirit, causing these economies into the cycle of poverty. The scholars of developmental state theory believe that only the government to intervene problem can be resolved. Later on, two schools have many debates, triggered the attention of academics. This article is to review South Korea's industrial development and government intervention by historical research and documentary analysis, making a framework to analyze the development of the IT industry in South Korea and to observe how did the International environmental influence the policy tools and the role played by government This study found that the Korean government intervention is to meet the expectation of developmental state theory form 1960 to 1997. After IMF's reform program was adopted by South Korea in 1997, both neoclassical school and the theory of developmental can’t explain the situation of today’s South Korea's industrial development. This article found that the South Korean government belongs to transformation mode now, which is able to adapt to the rapid changes in the industrial development. Keywords:neoclassical school、the theory of developmental state、state role、industrial policy

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


楊韜錞(2016)。從IT產業升級過程中看台、韓國家機關角色之轉變〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-1303201714254703

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