孟子永續發展政策之研究

The Study of Mencius’s Sustainable Development

吳秀娟(Hsiu-Chuan Wu)

指導教授 ： 張世賢

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

當人們沈醉在無限制地追求進步的迷思的同時，也改變了我們賴以維生的生存環境，生態危機的警鐘不斷地想敲醒現代人類，警告大家要永續發展才能真正提升生活品質，它的推動是刻不容緩的。
惟不難發現雖近年來各國對永續發展的推動看來是不餘於力，但成效似乎不盡理想。稽考古今中外，其實中國早在兩千多年前孟子思想中即有許多相關類似的理念和政策值得我們引以為鑑。
本論文探討孟子永續發展的理念和政策，研究方法採用文獻分析法，以《孟子》一書共七篇為主軸，研究架構以環境、經濟及社會三政策面向做為研究標的，並以政策問題、政策理念及政策方案作為政策分析三步驟加以剖析之。
本文發現孟子永續發展政策乃源自性善說，其理念除贊同永續發展係以保護生態環境和天然資源的「永續環境」為基礎，經由有效的「永續經濟」為方法，塑造生活品質不斷提昇的「永續社會」為目的外，還特別強調道德的重要性，認為永續發展的延續性需著重文化（包含倫理、道德）的縱向聯繫面，透過發自於人們內在的自覺心和責任感才能順利地推動永續發展。
因此近代推動永續發展成效不佳，其與西方主流生態思維的肇基文化是一種「斷裂」（rupture）的理念有著根源性的關聯。「斷裂」與「永續」在本質上就已相互背道而馳，「斷裂」是以人類的利益為中心的理念，不能落實永續發展；而以性善說為立論基礎的孟子永續發展理念和政策，是以人類的道義為中心的理念，不但具有啟發和警示作用外，亦可以補充西方環境理論之不足且對執行上窒礙難行之處有相當的助益。

關鍵字

孟子 ； 永續發展政策

並列摘要

When the mankind is indulging in the myth of unlimited progress, it has also changed the living environment that sustains us as the alarm clock of ecological crisis has been constantly trying to wake the people up today, warning that only sustainable development can truly enhance the quality of our life and the facilitation of which can wait no more.

However, though we find that countries around the world have been working ceaselessly on the facilitation of sustainable development in recent years, the outcome of it does not seem to be quite satisfactory. As we check and look over literatures new and old as well as ancient and contemporary, we can actually find quite a lot of similar thoughts and policies much in relevance from the thoughts of Mencius as early as more than two thousand years ago in China for our reference.

This paper would investigate sustainable development policy put forth by Mencius. The method to carry on is literature analysis, based on the 7 pieces of works from the book of “Mencius”. The research structure will found on the environmental, economical, and social policy aspects as its research object, while policy issues, policy ideas, and policy alternatives will be resorted to as the three respective steps of policy analysis for elaboration.

This paper has discovered that the source of sustainable development from Mencius originates from human goodness, and the belief has, aside from the idea in consent of sustainable development to protect environment and natural resources founded on “sustainable environment” and from the method of “sustainable economics” to help achieve the purpose of “sustainable society” through continuously improving life quality, stressed the importance ethics and morality. It is believed that the continuity of sustainable development requires the focus of cultural (including ethics and morality) connection from the vertical aspect, and it is through the internal self-awareness and sense of responsibility before sustainable development can facilitated successfully.

Therefore, the unfavorable outcome facilitating sustainable development in modern era is related to the idea of rupture which is of the originating culture to the mainstream ecology mindset of the west, with strong association from its roots. As a matter of fact, rupture and sustainability are, essentially, running in contrast to each other as “rupture” is based on the belief of anthropocentric interest, making its difficult to realize sustainable development. As for the idea and policy of sustainable development based on the belief of human goodness of Mencius, it is based on the idea that centers on human ethics, which cannot only function to enlighten but also to warn, and it will also supplement the insufficiency of western environmental theory as well as to bring significant benefit to areas that are impossible for implementation.

並列關鍵字

Mencius ； Sustainable Development Policy

參考文獻

張世賢（2003），＜聯合國與地方永續發展＞，《中國地方自治》，第645期，頁33-38。

牟宗三（1965），《中國哲學的特質》。臺北:學生。

牟宗三（1985），《圓善論》。臺北：學生。

袁保新（1992），《孟子三辨之學的歷史省察與現代詮釋》。臺北：文津。

蕭新煌等（2005），《綠色藍圖》。臺北：天下。