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  • 學位論文

運用層級分析法研究領導構面—以海軍官科高階軍官為例

Applying AHP Research on Leadership Construct - Taking Naval Executive Officers as an Example

指導教授 : 陳怡昌

摘要


自從1980年代起,轉換型領導(transformational leadership)與交易型領導(transactional leadership)二種類型領導理論逐漸盛行,針對國軍的研究中,亦開啟研究華人組織的家長式領導(paternalistic leadership)及家長式領導與轉換型領導、交易型領導在軍事單位的研究。 本研究以德爾菲法(Delphi Technique)獲得專家們對前述領導重要性的一致看法與共識,提供研究領導類型權重判斷指標。再以層級分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)釐清領導關鍵要素之權重比值與優先順序,以探討出高階軍官領導類型與構面及其子層面之關鍵要素為何? 為了解海軍中高階軍官對於不同領導類型及構面的重要性評估,本研究運用德爾菲法跟層級分析法,分析45位專家的意見,發現結果與建議如下: 一、個別重要性判斷指標:泛高階軍官分群明顯重視教誨項,有作戰部隊主官及主管經歷明顯重視嚴峻項與隱匿項。 二、相對重要性判斷指標:領導類型優先順序及相對權重看法一致,第1名轉換型領導、第2名家長式領導、第3名交易型領導,領導層面優先順序及相對權重看法相近,第1名德行領導、第2名仁慈領導,第3名激勵鼓舞,最後1名被動例外管理,家長式領導子層面第1名體諒寬容、第2名正直盡責、第3名個別照顧、最後1名被隱匿。 三、管理現況:「愛的教育、鐵的紀律」雖然是國軍管理理念,但是實務上仍然偏向「鐵的紀律、愛的教育」,這種現象似乎較符合海軍的管理現況。 四、建議事項:海軍指揮參謀學院與國防大學戰略班,領導學課程增加轉換型領導時數以強化領導能力及著重於實務案例及運用技巧與時機與教誨、隱匿與嚴峻內涵講授。海軍司令部及所屬作戰部隊就「轉換型領導與家長式領導」類型與層面整理實務與案例宣導,提昇中階軍官領導統御效能並提高與高階軍官領導統御理念契合。

關鍵字

領導 德爾菲法 層級分析法

並列摘要


From the 1980s, Transformational leadership and transactional leadership were becoming more and more popular. For the research of National Troops, there are also other kinds of new leadership theories in military research center such as paternalistic leadership, paternalistic leadership and transforming leadership and trading leadership. In this research, we provide the targets according to Delphi Technique which is based on the view and the common consensus from the experts. We also design the questionnaire for Navy higher military officers and middle level military officers in training and ask them to fill out according to the real situation. In order to investigate the importance evaluation of leadership types and dimensions, this study analyzed the opinions of 45 senior naval officers by Delphi Technique and Analytic Hierarchy Process. And we find out the following results and the suggestions: 1. Individual Importance Judging Index: High level military officer obviously take teaching seriously. For example, there is special attention about strict management and hidden attention to the commanding officer of the combat troops and the manager experience. 2. Relative Importance Judging Index: The viewpoint of the priority of the leadership type and the relative right is the same. The 1st is transformational leadership, the 2nd is paternalistic leadership, and the 3rd is transactional leadership. The view point of the priority of the leadership level and the relative right is close. The 1st is moral leadership, the 2nd is kindness leadership, and the 3rd is inspiration. The last is passive management with exception. The 1st one is understanding of the sublevel of the paternalistic leadership, and the 2nd is justify, and the 3rd is individual taking care. The last one was not announced. 3. Reality Management: Although the priority of the slogan “Educating with love then managed with strict” is more close to our military management. However, in reality it’s “Managing with strict then educating with love.” 4. Suggestion: In Naval Command And Staff College and War College, we should increase the teaching hour of the transformational leadership in leadership class in order to strength the leadership ability, focus on real cases, and lecture with better skills and timing to teach, attention hidden, and strict management. Navy Command and its combat troops should promote the theory and the actual situation of the “Transformational leadership & paternalistic leadership” to raise the harmony of the leadership ability of the middle level military officer and the high level one.

參考文獻


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