生質柴油之潤滑性評估與低溫流動點改善研究

黃智威

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生質柴油之潤滑性評估與低溫流動點改善研究

Lubricity Evaluation and Pour Point Improvement of Bio-Diesel

黃智威 , Masters　　Advisor：吳澤松　　

繁體中文

生質柴油；噴射泵；潤滑性；流動點； biodiesel ； injection pump ； lubricity ； pour point

Abstract │ Reference (27) │ Times Cited (1) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

In this research, lubricity additive or biodiesel were added to diesels to evaluate the wear of diesel fuel injection pumps. The methods of improving the lower pour point of biodiesels were also investigated. The testing of the pump lubricity was according to the testing method of Bosch, in which a simulation of real vehicles had driven a 50000 km mileage. The wear amounts of the pump components are tested by a surface profiler to evaluate the actual lubricating requirement for vehicles and the improvement for the lower pour point test. According to standard pour point testing methods of ASTM D97 and CNS 3484 for petroleum products, the respective testing substances were palm oil, soft palm oil, soybean oil, and an extraction from cooking used waste oil – biodiesel. The classes of oil used for the pour point testing were B100, B30, B20, B10 respectively, and as well as a mixture of palm oil and soybean oil, palm oil and cooking used waste oil. The mixed concentrations for palm oil were 90%, 80% and 70%, and 10%, 20% and 30% for soybean oil and cooking used waste oil respectively. A number of 13 different additives were respectively added for the each of the oils, and separately with the concentrations of the sample by weight of 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45% separately. The pour points were then measured to find the appropriate pour point additives and adding amounts.
In this research, we explore the affect of different super diesels with various small concentrations of lubricant additives and biodiesels to the wear of diesel fuel injection pumps. Both SD1 oil (diesel/27 ppm lubricant additives) and SD2 oil (99% diesel/27 pm lubricant additives +1% biodiesels) were used to explore the affect of lubrication oil to the components of the injection pump. From the results of the experiments, the surface roughness of the injection pump components, CVs, cam disks, and roller bearings with SD1 were rougher than that with SD2. It is thus proved that SD2 oil containing biodiesel has a better lubricating performance than SD1 oil.
The effect of adding pour point additives were not obvious to a higher content of saturated fatty acids palm oil biodiesel, in which a the temperature can drop as only much to 10℃. For soybean oil and waste cooking used oil biodiesels with a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, the improvement of pour point lowering is obvious in which the temperature can drop as low as -20℃ below for B100 soy bean biodiesel. For soft palm oil, the pour point temperature can drop at most 6℃ after the treatment with additives, a better improvement compared with palm oil.
In the pour point testing for B10 biodiesels, we found that the temperature for pour point improvement for different oils were about the same at B10. This was because of an insufficient amount of biodiesels causing a lesser effect of additives with the biodiesels. With a 90% amount of premium diesel in B10 biodiesel, it was instead of proving the diesel itself, and thus with different additives the pour point are almost the same.
For the test with palm oil and soybean oil mixture, a decreasing trend of the pour point with the increasing proportion of soybean oil, at which the temperature was drop to 7 ℃ was measured. The experiment proves a pour point improvement for palm oil when a certain amount of soybean oil is added.

Reference ( 27 ) 〈TOP〉

【1】Y. Z. He,M. A. Hanna,Y. Ali,N. Lu,“Yellow nut-sedge(Cyperus esculentus) tuber oil as a fuel” Industrial Crops and Products Vol. 5,1996,pp.177-181.
連結：
【2】J. Hu, Z. Du, C. Li, E. Min, “Study on the lubrication properties of biodiesel as fuel lubricity enhancers” Fuel Vol. 84, 2005, pp. 1601 - 1606.
連結：
【3】J. W. Goodrum , D. P. Geller, “Influence of fatty acid methyl esters from hydroxylated vegetable oils on diesel fuel lubricity” Bioresource Technology Vol. 96, 2005, pp.851-855.
連結：
【4】R. Caprotti, E. B. M. Jansen, T. kraft, K. Woodall, “Laboratory Test for Distributor Type Diesel Fuel Pumps-CEC PF032 Code of Practice”, SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES, 2004-01-2016.
連結：
【5】J. C. Wang, C. M. Cusano, “Predicting Lubricity of Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel”, SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 952564, 1995, pp. 1-8.
連結：

Times Cited (1) 〈TOP〉

葉信甫(2010)。以生質柴油提升重質柴油之引擎燃燒特性與暫態反應之研究。崑山科技大學機械工程研究所學位論文。2010。1-165。

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