煉鋁業勞工作業環境PCDD/Fs暴露
及健康影響評估研究

劉宇欣

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煉鋁業勞工作業環境PCDD/Fs暴露及健康影響評估研究

Exposure assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs）for workers of secondary aluminum smelter

劉宇欣 , Masters　　Advisor：李俊璋　　

繁體中文

暴露評估；煉鋁業；多氯戴奧辛及呋喃；風險評估； PCDD/Fs ； secondary aluminum smelter worker ； risk assessment ； exposure assessment

Abstract │ Reference (67) │ Times Cited (1) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

本研究之目的在了解台灣地區煉鋁業勞工血液中PCDD/Fs濃度分布及其與健康指標之相關性，並配合空氣採樣結果，計算現場製程操作員工長期暴露在此作業環境之下工作的健康風險。兩間煉鋁廠共44名勞工為本研究之對象，進行血液PCDD/Fs濃度分析及一般臨床生化、荷爾蒙及免疫指標分析。同時以問卷調查員工健康基本資料、飲食、時間活動模式等可能影響員工暴露的相關因子。研究中亦同時進行兩廠共四個作業現場空氣氣固相PCDD/Fs濃度分析。兩廠作業環境空氣中之PCDD/Fs濃度以A廠熔解爐最高，而以B廠撿拾區最低。4個採樣點之濃度屬一般周界之高濃度範圍，且固相PCDD/Fs濃度遠比氣相高，毒性當量濃度主要的貢獻來自於PCDFs。43名員工血液中PCDD/Fs之平均毒性當量濃度為21.9 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid，稍高於台灣地區焚化爐周圍居民。若將44名勞工以血液中PCDD/Fs濃度之中位數（19.4 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid）區分為高、低暴露族群，其血液中PCDD/Fs濃度分別為29.1、15.1 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid，皆高於同年齡層之一般居民（26.2、12.8 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid），推測職場PCDD/Fs的暴露為造成勞工血液中PCDD/Fs濃度較高之一重要因子。高暴露族群在T3之測值顯著低於低暴露族群，除總蛋白質及總膽紅素為高暴露族群顯著較高（P＜0.05）外，其餘血液生化檢查及免疫指標於二族群無顯著差異。勞工血液中17種PCDD/Fs同源物毒性當量濃度含量與比例與作業環境相當一致，皆以2,3,4,7,8-PeCDD、1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD、HxCDF、1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD及2,3,7,8-TCDD為PCDD/Fs主要貢獻之同源物，推測勞工血液中PCDD/Fs濃度來自作業環境空氣中PCDD/Fs暴露所致。複迴歸分析顯示，勞工血中PCDD/Fs濃度與煉鋁廠總年資呈顯著正相關，由此推論年資為影響勞工血中PCDD/Fs濃度之重要因子。作業環境空氣中戴奧辛暴露劑量推估結果雖尚符合世界衛生組織建議之容忍值1-4 pg/kg/day，但與焚化爐附近一般民眾經由吸入暴露所得之劑量在0.01 pg WHO98-TEQDF /kg/day以下比較而言相當高，而空氣濃度對人體血液中濃度之貢獻在熔解爐工作40年後可高達26.17％，遠高於焚化爐附近一般民眾之1％以下。建議應加強煉鋁過程逸散污染物之收集及處理，強制配戴足以防制氣固相PCDD/Fs之呼吸防護具，並定期對勞工進行健康檢查。

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the blood of operation workers, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the air of working environment, the association between serum levels of workers and health index and to calculate the carcinogenic risk of workers in secondary aluminum smelter.  There were 44 blood samples and 4 air samples collected in this study.  The highest TEQ concentration of airborne PCDD/Fs was sampled in the operation area at plant A, and the lowest was in picking area at plant B.  All the TEQ concentrations of airborne PCDD/Fs are higher than the ambient levels around the plant.  The distribution ratios of gas/particle data showed the PCDD/Fs concentrations of particle phase was higher than gas phase.  The TEQ concentration of serum PCDD/Fs of all workers（21.9 pg-WHO-TEQDF/g-lipid） is higher than that of general population in Taiwan. All workers were grouped to high and low exposure groups by the median of serum PCDD/Fs.  The TEQ concentrations of the two exposure groups were both higher than those of general population with the same age.  There are no significantly statistical differences of blood biochemistry, hormone, and immunological index between two groups beside total protein, total bilirubin and T3. The average serum PCDD/Fs concentration was 29.1 and 15.1 pg-WHO-TEQDF/g-lipid in high and low exposure groups respectively. The dominating homologue of PCDD/Fs in blood and air samples are both PeCDFs and HxCDFs, it meant that the workers were potentially exposed to higher concentration of PCDD/Fs emitted from secondary aluminum plant.  Otherwise, the concentrations of serum PCDD/Fs were highly correlated with seniority.  The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of workers were met the range of WHO daily tolerance doses.  In conclusion, the workers were potentially exposed to higher concentration of PCDD/Fs emitted from secondary aluminum plant.  The usage of effective personal protective measures was suggested to reduce the concentrations of serum PCDD/Fs.

Reference ( 67 ) 〈TOP〉

Amendola G., Barna D., Blosser R., LaGleur L., McBride A., Thomas F., Whittemore R. The occurrence and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs in five bleached kraft pulp and paper mills. Chemosphere 18: 1181-1189（1989）
連結：
Barbieri S., Pirvovano C., Scarlato G., Tarchini P., Zappa A., Maranzana M. Long-term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on peripheral nervous system. Clinical and neurophysiological controlled study on subjects with chloracne the Seveso area. Neuroepidemiology 7（1）: 29-37（1988）
連結：
Bjorseth, A., Bjorseth, O., Fjeldstad, P.E. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the work atmosphere-I. Determination in an aluminum reduction plant. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 4：212-223（1978）
連結：
Bjorseth, A., Bjorseth, O., Fjeldstad, P.E. Ploycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the work atmosphere-Determination of area-specific concentrations and job-specific exposure in a vertical pin soderberg aluminum plant. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 7：223-232（1981）
連結：
Buekens. A., Cornelis. E., Huang. H., Dewettinck. T. Fingerprints of dioxin from thermal industrial processes. Chemosphere 40: 1021-1024（2000）
連結：

Times Cited (1) 〈TOP〉

陳幸吟(2011)。台灣地區戴奧辛大氣濃度與沉降之空品模擬與長期觀測資料分析。中央大學環境工程研究所學位論文。2011。1-125。

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