臺灣在美國核准專利排名雖已連續十多年名列前茅,但技術貿易額逆差狀況卻非常嚴重,且有逐年擴大的現象,呈現了所謂的「創新矛盾」。若深入探討技術貿易支出與收入的成因,恐需由該國之各項經濟活動中找尋蛛絲馬跡。有鑑於此,本研究以美國、英國、德國、法國、日本、中國大陸、韓國與臺灣為研究對象,探討技術貿易支出與該國經濟活動各變數間之關聯性,期待能透過這些變數的走勢與連動關係,推斷出該國技術貿易支出與哪種經濟活動有關。研究結果發現,一國的技術貿易支出並不一定與該國的製造業GDP或與高科技出口有關,而是與該國的產業狀況相關聯;由於各國產業調整的步調大不相同,連帶地使各國技術貿易支出與該國產業結構間的關係也不相同;一般而言,先進入服務業的國家,例如法國、美國、英國、日本,其技術貿易支出的走勢與服務業GDP的走勢有關;服務業與製造業並重的先進國家,例如德國,其技術貿易支出的走勢與總體GDP的走勢有關;以製造業與高科技出口為導向的韓國,其技術貿易支出的走勢則與製造業GDP的走勢有關;以出口為導向的臺灣,其技術貿易支出的走勢與高科技出口的走勢總值有關;由於大陸較不重視智慧財產權,且政府有意協助業者對抗外來勢力,使得技術貿易支出的走勢與總體GDP的走勢有關,且兩者間的比值相對臺灣與韓國來的更低。由2001∼2007年的整體表現而言,臺灣與韓國的技術貿易支出的總體金額雖然仍大幅成長,然其與主要經濟活動間比值的走勢則呈現逐漸減小的現象,顯示兩國重視智慧財產權的產出仍發揮些許效果。
For more than a decade, Taiwan ranked high among the world in terms of patents granted in the United States. However, significant technological trade deficit continued to grow during this period, leading to what is called ‘the paradox of innovation’. Given that the contributing factors to the making of technological trade disbursement and income lie in a nation’s various economic activities, this research explores the relevance of different variables in a country’s economic activities to the technological trade disbursement by taking America, the UK, Germany, France, Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan as the research subjects in question. Furthermore, trends based on these variables and their linkage to each other also indicate what sorts of economic activities to which a country’s technological trade disbursement is linked. The result of this research suggests that a country’s technological trade disbursement is not invariably tied to its GDP generated from the manufacturing industry or export from high-tech industries; rather, it is related to a country’s major industry. Given that every country varies on the pace of industrial restructuration, the interrelationship between the technological trade disbursement and its industrial structure differs from countries to countries as well. In general, with regard to countries advanced in the service sector -- France, America, the UK, and Japan for example, trends of the technological trade disbursement bears a positive relation to trends of GDP generated from the manufacturing industry; in comparison, advanced countries such as Germany that place equal emphasis on service and manufacturing industry, display linkages between trends of the technological trade disbursement and those of their overall GDP; as for South Korea, whose economy is oriented towards manufacturing industry and high-tech export, trends of the technological trade disbursement are related to those of its GDP generated from the manufacturing industry. On the contrary, concerning the export-oriented Taiwan, trends of the technological trade disbursement are linked to trends displayed in the total value of high-tech export. As for China, since intellectual property rights are relatively disregarded and the government intentionally serves the interests of Chinese companies over foreign ones, trends of the technological trade disbursement are linked to trends displayed in the overall GDP. In addition, the ratio between the two indicators is far lower than Taiwan and Korea’s counterparts. In regard to the overall performance of Taiwan and Korea from 2001 to 2007, despite a significant increase in the technological trade disbursement, there was a gradual reduction in its proportion to their economic activities, suggesting that the respect for intellectual property rights in these two countries is still having minor effect.
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