白千層萃取物抗菌及抗氧化活性之研究

Studies on Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Melaleuca leucadendra Extracts

張皓翔(Hao-Hsiang Chang)

指導教授 ： 楊閔惠

國立虎尾科技大學/文理學院/生物科技研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

本篇研究目的在利用蒸氣蒸餾法（SD）、減壓蒸氣蒸餾法（VSD）及超音波輔助萃取法（UAE）來提煉白千層（Melaleuca leucadendra）之活性成分，再測試萃取物之抗菌及抗氧化功效，並與其化學成分進行比較。精油之成分分析使用氣相層析儀（GC）來檢測；抗菌試驗使用紙錠擴散法（disk-diffusion method）來計算抑菌圈直徑大小，再進一步測定最小抑菌濃度（MIC）、最小殺菌濃度（MBC）；抗氧化試驗採用總多酚含量測定、總黃酮含量測定、清除DPPH自由基能力及還原力測試。主要成分以1,8-cineole的含量最多，其次為limonene、α-pinene及α-terpineol，其減壓蒸氣蒸餾法萃出的α-terpineol含量較常壓蒸氣蒸餾法來得多。精油大部分的主成分對S. aureus及B. subtilis的抗菌活性較佳；而對X. sacchari僅1,8-cineole及α-terpineol具有抗菌活性。減壓蒸氣蒸餾法萃取出的白千層精油，藉由抗菌試驗可得知精油具有極佳的抗菌活性，可以有效的抑制S. aureus、B. subtilis及X. sacchari的生長。總多酚及總黃酮含量多寡之順序為：葉部乙醇粗萃物 > 枝部乙醇粗萃物 > VSD法精油 > SD法精油，清除DPPH自由基能力最佳者為葉部乙醇粗萃物，強弱依序為葉部乙醇粗萃物 > 枝部乙醇粗萃物 > VSD法精油 > SD法精油，清除DPPH自由基之IC50值和總多酚含量呈現負相關之關係。枝部乙醇粗萃物的還原力約為葉部的兩倍；而乙醇粗萃物的還原力優於精油。綜觀研究結果，白千層精油有較好的抗菌效果，其乙醇粗萃物有較佳的抗氧化能力，且較人工試劑的毒性來得低，所以具有商品化之潛力。

關鍵字

白千層 ； 蒸氣蒸餾 ； 氣相層析 ； 抗菌 ； 抗氧化

並列摘要

The main objectives of this investigation was to extract active components from Melaleuca leucadendra by steam distillation (SD), vacuum steam distillation (VSD) methods and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Essential oil components were identified by the gas chromatography (GC). Antibacterial assays were performed using the disk-diffusion and the inhibition zone diameter methods minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were calculated. Antioxidant activities were performed with DPPH free radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, total phenolic and total flavonoid content assays. Results showed that analysis of the essential oil yield were higher with the SD than VSD method. GC analysis of the essential oils showed that the majority components of the essential oil were 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol and α-pinene. Antibacterial activities of the essential oils from VSD were greater than essential oil from SD method. In addition, α-terpineol exhibited greater antibacterial activity than 1,8-cineole, limonene and α-pinene. Antioxidant activities showed that the UAE derived ethanolic crude extract possess the best DPPH scavenging ability, with higher total phenolic content and reducing power than essential oil. In conclusion, the low toxicity antibacterial and antioxidative characteristics of M. leucadendra extracts may be used in potential product dovelopments.

並列關鍵字

Melaleuca leucadendra ； steam distillation ； gas chromatography ； antibacterial ； antioxidant

參考文獻

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