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  • 學位論文

動圈式麥克風振膜之有限元素分析

The Finite Element Analysis of the Dynamic Microphone Diaphragm

指導教授 : 黃自貴
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摘要


麥克風(microphone)是一種將聲音信號轉換為電氣信號的電聲元件,由於它是拾取信號的最前端對於音訊品質有關鍵性的影響,麥克風種類很多,可按聲電換能原理、聲音的作用方式、指向特性及輸出阻抗等區分。目前通用的麥克風大多數是動圈式麥克風,它採用了最基本的電磁換能原理。動圈式麥克風由於結構簡單,堅固耐用,使用方便,固有噪音低,因此廣泛應用於聲音的傳播和擴音器中。本研究以一個市面上現有的動圈式麥克風振膜結構,以polyimide(聚酰亞胺)材料組成振膜,利用有限元素分析軟體COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a給予振膜實際運作上所需的邊界設定,由於模型厚度方向尺寸過小,造成COMSOL Multiphysics軟體分析時間拉長,故將模型進行簡化並探討無外力下的特徵頻率與振動模態。另外本研究針對三維的振膜上的切槽差異進行特徵頻分析,探討不同的切槽形狀及多寡對於特徵頻率影響。經由上述分析的結果挑選出理想切槽形狀進行角度與切槽寬度的變化分析,並經由分析結果探討出動圈式麥克風之振模的角度及寬度變化的影響。 動圈式麥克風的工作原理在於聲波使薄膜振動,薄膜帶動音圈使它在磁場中振動切割磁力線,進而再音圈兩端產生電壓,這個音頻感應電壓代表了聲波的信息。本研究利用有限元素分析軟體COMSOL Multiphysics4.2a進行電磁感應的模擬,藉由聲源給予振膜一段訊號帶動音圈,經過線圈振動切割磁力線,並針對最後產生的電壓進行探討與比較。

並列摘要


This study focused on the diaphragm dynamic microphone simplify the analysis of electromagnetic effects due to the forefront of the microphone signal is picked up for a crucial impact audio quality. Through appropriate boundary conditions, the use of finite element model (FEM), simulation of the actual operation of the diaphragm case. In this study, a commercially available dynamic microphone diaphragm structure to polyimide diaphragm material composition, the use of finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a for model simplification and slit diaphragm variance analysis effects of different shape, and the notch frequency of the amount of the features, selected by the result of the analysis the shape of the ideal angle of the slot width variations of the slot, and discussed by the analysis result of the vibration modes of the moving-coil microphone and the angle width changes. Dynamic microphone works that acoustic vibrations of the film, the film makes the voice coil in a magnetic field to drive the vibration cutting magnetic field lines, which can then generate a voltage across the coil, the audio frequency induction voltage represents a sound wave of the information in this study using finite element analysis COMSOL Multiphysics4.2a software simulation of electromagnetic induction, the diaphragm by a given source coil drive signal, the vibration magnetic field lines cut through the coils and the voltage generated for the last discussed and compared.

參考文獻


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