台灣物流業營運效率之比較研究

潘書麟(Shu-Lin Pan)

指導教授 ： 陳惠國

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

物流已成為現代企業的核心競爭力，許多企業為了提升自身競爭力與降低成本，紛紛將企業物流部份的流程委外，在客戶水準要求愈來愈高的情況下，使得物流廠商競爭更加激烈，加上製造業陸續移往海外，造成業者無不卯足全力以爭取市場上的一席之地，因此如何透過優良的營運管理方式，有效利用資源提升業者的經營效率，在營運管理上無疑是一大挑戰。本研究探討民國2003-2005 年間國內物流業者之經營績效，選定5個投入項與1 個產出項，利用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)衡量業者間之效率值、參考集合分析、敏感度分析與差額變數分析，並提供無效率營業單位明確之改善方向與建議，接著以Malmquist生產力指數衡量2003-2004、2004-2005年度間總要素生產力(Total Factor Productivity, TFP)變動的情況。並再一步透過因素分析法(Factor Analysis, FA)，比較變數縮減前後結果的差異。實證結果發現，經由DEA得知造成經營無效率的原因，大多來自於規模無效率，且業者皆處於規模報酬遞減階段，顯示業者有規模過大的情況，透過縮小規模方式來提高營運績效。而透過變數縮減後，在效率值上，利用Spearman相關係數，發現效率值前後排名上產生不一致，顯示影響排名結果乃決定於變數資訊。

關鍵字

Malmquist生產力指數 ； 敏感度分析 ； 因素分析法 ； 資料包絡分析法

並列摘要

The physical distribution has become the competitive power of business, many enterprises in order to adding competitive power and reducing cost, most of physical distribution is outsourcing, they would like have high service quatity, result in the manufacturer must have competition strongly, therefore how to improve the management efficiency, certainly it is a big challenge to them.
This research discusses operational performance in Taiwan''s enterprises during for 2003-2005 year, including five inputs and one outputs, data envelopement analysis(DEA) method compute relative efficiency between enterprises、reference set analysis、sensitivity analysis and differential variable analysis, to suggest the improvement direction and the value range, then using malmquist productivity index(MPI) to evaluate productivity in 2003-2004、2004-2005. According to the result, the main reason is scale inefficiency. They are in the decreasing returns to scale, apparently they have the scale oversized situation, and they must be reducing scale to raise operational performance. Finally, according to reducing variables, the rank is different.

並列關鍵字

Malmquist Productivity Idex ； Sensitive Analysis ； Data Envelopment Analysis ； Factor Analysis

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