工程採購標價審查與合約單價調整機制之研究

The Mechanism of Construction Procurement Bid Reviewing and the Contractual Unit Price Adjustment

蔡昇穎(Sheng-ying Tsai)

指導教授 ： 李建中

國立中央大學/工學院/營建管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

政府採購法施行以來，機關以最低標決標方式辦理工程採購時，通常以總價最低者即予以決標，對於採購法五十八條所明定之審標作業程序，僅以廠商提供差額保證方式處理，以確保機關之權益。對廠商標價是否真有所謂「標價偏低，顯不合理」之情形，並未再深入探究，此已違背採購法五十八條之立法意旨。
然而，國內公共工程採購以最低價決標方式決標後，為避免得標廠商之報價有不平衡標或低價搶標之不良效應，在決標總價不變的原則下，合約中各項目之單價基本上以業主預算單價按決標價與發包預算之比例調整。然而實務上以業主預算單價調整後之合約單價，常在履約過程有加減數量時，發生單價不合理或錯誤的情況，這些缺失所衍生之問題往往成為爭議之事由。
本研究擬檢討現行審標作業與合約單價調整制度，研擬一套於標價偏低時的標價審查方法與決標後合約單價調整機制：（1）開標後之審標階段，若廠商標價有採購法五十八條所稱標價偏低且不合理之情形，利用本機制進行標價審查。（2）決標後，以本機制所建立之單價比對方法進一步用於契約單價調整，在決標總價不變原則下，業主與廠商共同決定契約單價。期望能透過此機制改善契約單價之合理性，減少履約爭議之發生。

關鍵字

單價調整 ； 標價審查 ； 合約單價

並列摘要

Since the inauguration of the Government Procurement Law (GPL), the contracting officers usually adopt lump-sum lowest bid method to award the contract for a construction project to the bidder who submits the lowest bid price. If the bid price is considered to be unreasonable, the contracting officers often just ask the lowest bidder providing additional security bond to protect their privities. But they never review the lowest bid price if it is so low that evidently appears to be unreasonable.
However, for preventing the occurrence of unbalanced bids, after the lowest bidder is awarded a construction project contract, the contractual unit price for each cost item is taken as the product of the owner’s estimated unit price and a discounting ratio equal to the total bid price divided by the owner’s project cost estimate. But in procurement practice, such contractual unit price may cause disputes when a change order for an increased or decreased quantity of work for an item.
The purpose of this study is to develop the mechanism of construction procurement bid reviewing and the contractual unit price adjustment:
(1) After tender opening, apply the provided model to determine whether the bid price is reasonable if the lowest bid price is too low.
(2) When the contract is awarded to the lowest bidder, adopt the provided model to adjust the contractual unit price.
It is expected that the mechanism will help reduce contractual disputes.

並列關鍵字

Bid reviewing ； Adjustment of unit price ； Contractual unit price

參考文獻

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