我國高齡者就業特徵與影響因素之實證分析

Older Workers’ Characteristics And Influential Factors：An Empirical Analysis Of Taiwan

黃怡慈(Huang, Yitzu)

指導教授 ： 周玟琪

國立中正大學/社會科學院/勞工關係學研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究著重高齡就業之重要性與發展，將介紹我國目前高齡者的就業現況，而後透過文獻探討與應用內政部「98年老人生活狀況調查」之原始資料庫，以55歲以上高齡者作為研究對象，利用資料庫的原始檔案，透過邏輯斯迴歸模型(Logistic Regression)進行影響高齡就業之相關因素實證研究，探討高齡者特徵與就業狀況之影響。
於多變項實證結果發現，年齡為55-64歲者、性別為男性者、教育程度為高教育程度者、婚姻狀況為無配偶者、主要經濟來源為工作所得者、居住地為非都市者、健康狀況為良好者，上述之個人特徵皆有較高機率從事工作(含部分工時工作)。其次，於職業狀況與就業者特徵之影響，以教育程度、居住地都市化狀況及自評健康狀況等，皆有顯著影響，其餘研究變數則不具有顯著影響，即教育程度越高者、居住地於都市者、健康狀況為良好者，其上述個人特徵皆有較高機率從事專業人員之職業性質。另於從業身分與就業者特徵之影響，以年齡、性別、教育程度、經濟來源、居住地都市化程度等皆有顯著影響，其餘研究變數則不具有顯著影響，即年齡為55-64歲者、性別為女性者、教育程度為較高者、主要經濟來源為工作所得者、居住於都市者，上述之個人特徵皆有較高機率從事受雇者之從業性質。
經由上述研究發現，除了分析影響我國55歲以上高齡者之就業因素，同時亦由資料分析中可瞭解較不容易就業者或有經濟不安全感之對象；最後，本研究之政策意涵在於針對高齡特性，發展其適性就業之道。是以，透過介紹他國因應高齡勞動者所發展出的適性就業模式，提供我國參考與引介。

關鍵字

高齡勞工 ； 高齡勞動 ； 高齡就業政策

並列摘要

Focusing on the importance and development of senior citizens’ employment, this study tends to introduce the present situation of domestic senior citizens’ employment. Furthermore, with literature review and 2009 Survey Summary of Senior Citizen Condition in the database of Ministry of the Interior, senior citizens above the age of 55 are selected as the research subjects. Based on the files in the database, Logistic Regression is utilized for empirical research on the factors in senior citizens’ characteristics and employment condition.
The multivariate empirical results show that senior citizens aged 55-64, male, with high educational background, without spouses, working for the economic source, not living in urban areas, and with good health conditions appear higher proportion of working (including part-time work). In terms of the effects of occupation and employees’ characteristics, educational background, urbanization of the residence, and self-evaluated health conditions present significant effects, but the rest variables do not reveal notable effects. In other words, senior citizens with higher educational background, living in urban areas, and with good health conditions show higher proportion to work as professionals. In regard to the occupational status and the employees’ characteristics, age, gender, educational background, economic source, and urbanization of the residence appear remarkable effects, but the rest variables do not show significant effects. That is, senior citizens aged 55-64, female, with higher educational background, working for the economic source, and living in urban areas show higher proportion of being employed.
According to the above research findings, the employment factors in the senior citizens aged above 55 are studied. Meanwhile, the ones not being easily employed or with economic insecurity are realized through data analyses. Finally, this study tends to develop the way for adaptive employment, aiming at individual demands. As a result, the adaptive employment models for senior labors developed by other countries are introduced as the reference.

並列關鍵字

Older Workers ； Ageing Workforce ； Employment Policy for Older Workers

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