論政府採購制度變遷：以新制度主義途徑分析

馮晨茹(CHEN-RU FENG)

指導教授 ： 廖坤榮

國立中正大學/社會科學院/政治學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究係觀察我國政府採購制度，自民國88年正式立法實施14年以來，歷經4次母法修法，及其他子法、作業辦法或工程會函釋等不斷的解釋修正，然而採購機關行為態樣多變，使得制度不斷的變形，導致部分採購或採購態樣，已與其他法律或政府採購法立法意旨相違。本研究從不同於過去針對政府採購法之研究侷限於法律面、政治經濟面、行為面，及管理或產出效率層面等單一面向且靜態之制度研究，而從新制度主義途徑分析政府採購制度變遷歷程與制度下行為者之互動策略行為情形，是以，結合巨觀面歷史脈絡與微觀行為面兩大層面進行分析探討。運用歷史制度論研究途徑，以時間序列與路徑依賴模式，分析政府採購制度變遷之關鍵時刻及制度重製，並探討採購制度變遷如何影響行動者的反應與逆反應之關聯性，又如何影響形成政策結果與未來發展方向。

本研究採「文獻分析」、「深度訪談」及「歷史制度」研究途徑，藉由國內學術專書、期刊、政府機關出版品、學位論文及報章雜誌等次級資料，觀察政府觀察政府採購法立法前之初始條件，後歷經民國88年正式立法後，參考GPA訂定採購招決標方式制度之關鍵時刻，如何影響政府採購制度後續發展方向；以時間序列方式探討政府採購制度變遷過程下的路徑依賴與關鍵時刻，且將調查分析政府採購招決標制度歷經長期演進發展，如何影響行為者之反應與逆反應之過程，了解制度下行為者互動策略之重要性，並以補足次級資料佐證不足之處。

從本研究得知，政府採購制度變遷係「從既存設計下手進行內部變革」，而這樣的研究結果也正好能夠驗證 Mahoney（2001）在討論制度變遷及路徑依賴模式之部份。路徑依賴的原先假設是：在特定時間序列中的行動邏輯會因為過去的選擇而限縮往後可選擇的範圍。爰此，制度本身受制於路徑依賴而不易變革，沿著既有制度發展方向，綜觀政府採購制度變遷基礎受限於立法前後歷史背景下之產物，延續公開招標與最低標原則，發展依循著此一路徑依賴的假設在進行變革，這也更加突顯出本研究之價值所在。

關鍵字

新制度主義 ； 政府採購制度 ； 路徑依賴

並列摘要

This study observed the Government Procurement Act, since the implementation of AD 1999, has more than 14 years, after amending the law four times, and the other sub-laws, Regulations or the legal interpretations will continue to amendment. However, the behavior of state procurement agencies was varied, making the laws continuously deformed, resulting in some kind of state procurement practices , have been contrary to law or other legislative intention of the Government Procurement Act. This study differs from past studies limited to the legal side of the Government Procurement Act for single-oriented political and economic side, behavioral side, and efficiency or output of the system, such as static and research, and from the new institutionalism research analysis of Government Procurement Act changes process and the behavior under the circumstances actors interactive strategy is based on combining the two levels of macro-and micro-surface. Using historical institutionalism research approach to time and path-dependent model, analysis of government procurement act changes the crucial moment and systems to reproduce, and to explore the procurement system changes how it affects association actors react with the reverse reaction of, and how it affects the formation of policy Results and future direction. This study used " literature discussion", "interview" and "historical " to verify the hypothesis. By analyzing domestic academic books, journals, government publications, magazines and newspapers, dissertations and other secondary data,observe the Government Procurement Act Legislation the initial conditions before, after AD 1999 , a critical moment, the reference GPA procurement set way to legislate, how it affects the subsequent direction of the government procurement art; explore the path of a time series manner the government procurement process of institutional change under dependence and critical moment and will recruit Investigation awarding government procurement system after long-term evolution of development, how it affects the process of actors to react with the reverse reaction, the importance of the interaction of the system under the policy actors to understand, and to complement the lack of evidence of secondary data place. Results from this study that, the government procurement art changes "designed to start from existing internal transformation", and this also happens to be able to verify the findings Mahoney (2001) part in the discussion of institutional change and path dependence model. The original hypothesis is path-dependent: the logic of action at a specific time sequence because of past choices and narrows the range of alternative future. That the system itself is subject to path dependence and difficult to change the existing system along the direction of development, an overview of the government procurement art is subject to changes of basis under the historical background of the product before and after legislation, the continuation of the principles of open tendering procedures and the lowest tender ,follow the development of this making the assumption that a change of path dependence, it also highlights the value of this study is more lies.

並列關鍵字

New institutionalism ； Government Procurement Act ； Path Dependence

參考文獻

林益年(2012)，< 政府採購制度變革-從新制度主義之觀點>，《全球商業經營管理學報》第四期，67-81頁。

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洪嘉宏(2010)，〈台灣年金政治與政策發展－理念與新制度主義的爭論〉，國立中正大學社會福利研究所。

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