1990年代以來,各國高等教育擴張程度漸漸從大眾化達普及化程度。而近年全球接連出現「高學歷、低薪資」的問題,人們開始質疑高等教育學歷是否貶值。本研究旨在探討高等教育擴張與受雇者薪資之間的關係,並以臺灣、日本、韓國為分析對象進行跨國比較。透過次級資料分析法蒐集臺、日、韓三國政府統計資料,進行1991年至2012年間跨年度的時間序列分析。本研究以高等教育淨在學率表示高等教育擴張程度,以受雇者薪資作為學歷貶值之依據,研究發現在臺灣、日本、韓國三個國家高等教育擴張皆達普及化程度,其中僅有臺灣受雇者薪資不論初任薪資、平均薪資、兩教育薪資溢酬、初任薪資與平均薪資之差等方面在皆呈現下降,出現學歷貶值問題。進一步與日本、韓國相較發現,高等教育擴張程度較低且擴張速度較慢的日本,其受雇者各項薪資漲跌變動亦較趨緩,整體而言呈現上漲;而韓國高等教育擴張速度最快,擴張程度與臺灣相近,但其受雇者薪資於此期間內亦呈現上漲趨勢,但漲跌波動幅度大且劇烈。因此建議高等教育擴張應該趨緩成長,讓勞動力市場有時間吸收人力,避免出現學歷貶值的情形。
Since the 1990’s, higher education expansion has moved from massification to universalization. In recent years, “high degree, low wage” occurred across the globle. People started to doubt whether higher education degree began to devalue. This research is exploring the relationship between higher education expansion and the wage . It will use the data from Taiwan, Japan and Korea in form of comparative manner. By using secondary analysis, it gathers the official statistical data from these three countries between 1991 and 2012. Time series analysis is employed to capture their dynamic relationship. Net enrolment rate represents the degree of higher education expansion while employee’s wage indicate corresponding indicator of degree devaluation. The research has shown Taiwan is the only one country facing devaluation of the higher education degree. In Japan, with slow expanding rate of higher education, the wage level is moderately increased along with the widen participation. As to Korea, we saw a rapid a universialized higher eduation sector in a short perod of time. However, the wages of degree holders have gone up the the expansion. Hence, we suggest that high educational should take time to expand so as to allow labour market to accommondate the graduates and stabilize the wage levels.
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