紡織工業耐隆絲製程工作者肌肉骨骼傷害之研究-以南部某人造纖維製造廠為例

The study for the Musculoskeletal Pain of the Workers working at the Production Process of Nylon Silk - A case study for two textile factories in southern Taiwan

馮吉宏(Chi-Hung Feng)

指導教授 ： 王安祥

國立中正大學/社會科學院/勞工關係學研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

紡織業在全球產業中一直以來都是扮演著非常重要的角色，隨著人口成長，由人類對紡織製品的需求大量增加即可窺知一二。在台灣紡織工業歷經60餘年之發展與成長，在國際市場廣大的需求下，業者不斷積極研發新產品及更新生產設備拓展國際市場，使得紡織工業成為台灣產業結構中最完整之生產體系，雖近年來紡織產業常被戲稱為夕陽工業，但不可否認的紡織業仍是為我國第四大創匯產業，但在對紡織業作業員的肌肉骨骼傷害不適的研究極少，其中作業過程中不當的姿勢、過大的施力、與負重搬運及高度的重複性是造成工作上累積性傷害、下背痛的主要原因。因此，以北歐肌肉骨骼問卷方式及關鍵指標法進行評估分析。
本研究目的在評估紡織工業耐隆絲製程工作者之肌肉骨骼不適問題及發生之風險因素，主要以NMQ自覺問卷調查資料進行各項統計分析，並觀察記錄工作型態以關鍵指標法(KIM)評估風險等級，並藉由分析結果探討肌肉骨骼部份不適之共通性，以減低紡織工業工作者職業性肌肉骨骼不適，並期盼建立具主客觀的評估模式，提供僱主改善工作環境參考。問卷調查部分共針對兩間工廠之現場作業人員發出170份問卷，回收有效問卷158份，為求探討之可靠性除主觀問卷調查外，並增加客觀的關鍵指標法會同廠職業安全衛生管理員，針對現場各工作站作業型態進行評估風險程度。經調查發現紡織業耐隆絲製程工作者發生肌肉骨骼不適的部位以腰部/下背及上背位置感覺不適的比例最高，分別高達70.25%及62.66%，其次為脖子及右肩膀部位均為46.2%；受訪者認為「全因/部分與工作有關」達86%，而肌肉骨骼不適以「疼痛」為主佔86.26%，進一步利用卡方檢定、邏輯斯迴歸分析及複迴歸分析肌肉骨骼不適之部位，與關鍵指標法(KIM)所評估各工作站的風險等級作分析，可以得到結論是各工作站風險程度越高，在作業人員各部分肌肉骨骼不適都呈現正向關係，而在左膝蓋和右膝蓋這兩部位有顯著；疼痛程度越高在上背/左手肘/右手或手腕/左手或手腕/左臀或大腿/左膝蓋/右脚或腳踝/左脚或腳踝部位的肌肉骨骼不適情形越嚴重；關鍵指標法(KIM)評估可知以捲取站風險等級第四級最高需立即執行工程改善。

關鍵字

迴歸分析 ； 人因工程檢核表 ； 人因工程 ； 肌肉骨骼 ； 職業安全衛生法

並列摘要

Textile industry has been globally playing a very important role, and substantial increases from the demand of textile products along with population growth. With the huge demand in the international market, Taiwan's textile industry has grown through the development for more than 60 years. The Taiwan textile industry has been actively developing new products and updating production equipment to expand the international market. It becomes one of the most complete system in the industrial structure in Taiwan. Although in recent years, the textile industry has often been consider to be a sunset industry, but it is undeniable that the textile industry is still the fourth largest foreign exchange industry. Comparatively, the textile industry has minimal study of operators’ musculoskeletal injuries discomfort when works are in awkward position, load too much, overweight handling and operate in a high degree of repeatability routine work which caused by cumulative damages, mainly due to lower back pain. Therefore, within this report, we designed questionnaire focused on the cause Nordic musculoskeletal and analysis the reference for both the employers and the government relative departments for preventive action.
Purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the textile industry Nylon synthetic fabric process workers of their skeletal discomfort and risk factors of the problem. NMQ and KIM are utilized the methodology study of the case which the occupational hazards in the textile industry. NMQ surveys the data of the statistical analysis, and work patterns were recorded in the key indicator method (KIM) assesses the level of risk. By analyzing the results of investigate musculoskeletal discomfort part commonality, textile industry workers reduce occupational musculoskeletal discomfort, and look forward to establishing a subjective and objective assessment model which offers employers to improve the working environment of reference. 170 Questionnaires were issued to workers between two factories, 158 valid questionnaires were collected. To increase the reliability of this study, and explore the subjective aspect raised from the questionnaires, the plant manager is introduced to evaluate the occupational safety and health of field work patterns in each station by assessing the degree of risk. The survey found that workers in the textile industry Nylon synthetic fabric process occurs musculoskeletal discomfort on the waist, lower back and upper back, were reached up to 70.25% and 62.66%. Neck and right shoulder area were 46.2 %; respondents set their mind on "all-cause or work-related portion" of 86%, and musculoskeletal discomfort with "pain" mainly accounted for 86.26%. By using chi-square test further onwards logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis musculoskeletal discomfort the site of which the key index method (KIM) to assess the risk level of each workstation for analysis, can be concluded that the higher the degree of risk in each workstation.The worker in various parts of musculoskeletal discomfort are showing a positive relationship between the left knee and right knee. The higher the degree of pain on the upper back, left elbow, right wrist, left wrist, left hip, left knee and ankle musculoskeletal discomfort situation pain seriously. Key indicator method (KIM) assessment shows that the highest risk level needs an immediate implementation of the fourth stage improvement project.

並列關鍵字

multiple regression analysis ； musculoskeletal disorders checklist ； ergonomics ； Musculoskeletal ； Occupational Safety and Health Act

參考文獻

游志雲、劉建偉(2011)，肌肉骨骼危害防制技術，工業安全衛生月刊，270，30-36。

馮兆康、黃建財(1999)，護理人員背部及腿部及肩部肌肉骨骼傷害之相關因子研究，中華職業醫學雜誌，6(4)。249-260。

王文誠、鄭國彬（2011），全球化時代下的台灣紡織業發展與區位，紡織綜合研究期刊，21(2)，51-70。

褚幸雯（2000），製鞋業作業員肌肉骨骼危害之人因研究，亞洲大學經營管理學系研究所碩士論文。

陳志聰(2014)，醫院傳送員肌肉骨骼傷害之研究-以中部某醫院體系為例，嘉義縣：國立中正大學勞工研究所碩士論文。