複合型防腐藥劑對木材耐腐朽性與尺寸安定性之影響

Effects of Compound Preservatives on the Fungal Decay Resistance and Dimensional Stability of Wood

王健霖(Jain-Lin Wang)

指導教授 ： 李鴻麟

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/木材科學與設計系所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00015

摘要

本研究目的在於以六種市售藥劑氰胍（Dicyanodiamide, D）、磷酸（Phosphoric acid , P ）、硼酸（Boric acid , B）、硼砂（Borax , Bx）、磷酸氫二銨（Ammonium hydrogen phosphate, Ap）與氨基磺酸銨（Ammonium sulfamate, As）等製備五種合成藥劑：氰胍＋磷酸＋氨基磺酸銨（DPAs）、氰胍＋磷酸＋硼酸（DPB）、氰胍＋磷酸＋硼砂（DPBx）、氰胍＋磷酸（DP）、氰胍＋磷酸＋氨基磺酸銨（DPAp）等以進行杉木、柳杉、台灣杉與楓香等四種試材之處理，並評估處理材之抑菌指數、藥劑留存率、藥劑流失率、尺寸安定性與木塊耐腐朽性。試驗結果顯示，五種複合型防腐藥劑以10000 μg/mL濃度對於褐腐菌Gloeophyllum trabeum、Laetiporus sulphureus與白腐菌Trametes versicolor之抑菌效果顯示，對G. trabeum之抑菌指數皆大於50 %，以DPAp之抑菌指數為100％，具有最佳抑制效果； L. sulphureus試驗中，而以 DPB與DPBx之抑菌指數分別為90.91 %與90.91 %，抑菌效果較佳； T. versicolor抑菌試驗中，以DPAs之抑菌指數為85.27 %，具有最佳之抑菌效果。各種處理材之藥劑留存率，隨著處理藥劑濃度之增加而提高，各種試材皆以DP處理者具有最佳之藥劑留存率，在四種試材中，以楓香處理者之藥劑留存率最高，柳杉處理材為最低。而藥劑流失率，亦隨著藥劑濃度之增加而隨之增加，以6 % DP處理者具有最高之藥劑流失率，而以DPBx處理者為最低。處理材經淋溶後，放置於27℃，90 % RH恆溫恆濕箱中28天，處理材之含水率變化與體積膨脹率變化呈現，各種不同濃度藥劑處理材之含水率變化均低於對照組，且經低濃度處理者即具有降低含水率改善效果，而於6 %藥劑濃度下之DPBx處理者皆較諸對照組低，具有最佳之含水率改善效果；由處理材體積膨脹率變化顯示，大部分處理材之體積膨脹率皆低於對照組，6 %藥劑濃度之杉木DPAp處理材 (3.63 %) 、柳杉之DPB處理材 (2.95 %)，台灣杉之DP處理材(3.27 % )，具有較佳之尺寸安定改善效果。處理材經土壤木塊試驗之質量損失率顯示，各種不同濃度之藥劑處理材對腐朽菌均具有抑制效果，各種處理材之質量損失率亦因處理藥劑不同而異； 6 % 處理材之質量損失率，G. trabeum腐朽試驗中，以DPAs處理杉木與台灣杉及以DPAp處理柳杉； L. sulphureu腐朽試驗中，以DPAp處理杉木、柳杉與台灣杉； T. versicolor腐朽試驗中，以DPAp處理楓香，皆具有最少之質量損失率，呈現出改善耐腐朽效果；比較各種藥劑處理材之耐腐朽性，其中以DPAp處理材之質量損失率與DPAs處理材之質量損失率較低，具有較佳之耐腐朽性。
綜合以上結果得知，四種處理材中以柳杉之藥劑留存率、尺寸安定性、抑菌指數與木塊耐腐朽性等改善效果最佳；五種複合型防腐藥劑應用於各種試材中，以DPAs處理材及DPAp處理材具有較佳之效果，而以DP處理材則並未呈現有改善功效。

關鍵字

複合型防腐藥劑 ； 藥劑流失率 ； 尺寸安定性 ； 耐腐朽性 ； 質量損失率

並列摘要

The purposes of this research were to evaluate the chemical retention, chemical loss, dimensional stability, and fungal decay resistance of woods ( Cunninghania lanceolata, Cl; Cryptomeria japonica, Cj; Taiwania cryptomerioides, Tc; and Liquidambar Formosan, Lf) separately treated with five compound chemicals ( DPAs, DPB, DPBx, DP, and DPAp ) based on six kinds of chemicals（dicyandiamide,D; phosphoric acid, P; boric acid, B; borax, Bx; ammonium hydrogen phosphate, Ap; and ammonium sulfamat, As）. The results of antifungal test against brown rot fungus（G. trabeum, and L. sulphureus）and white rot fungus（T. versicolor）at 10000 μg/mL showed that the treatments had the best antifungal indices value than 50 %, and DPAp-treatment was 100 % on G. trabeum test. DPB-treatment and DPBx-treatment had the better value on L. sulphureus test. DPAs-traetment had the greatest effect on T. versicolor test. All treated woods showed that chemical retention increased with increasing chemical concentration, DP-treated wood had the best chemical retention among five treatments. Meanwhile, Lf wood had the highest chemical retention of treating with DP, and Cj wood had the lowest chemical retention of treating with DP. Chemical loss of treated woods also increased, regardless of the species of woods tested, as chemical concentration increased. Six % DP-treated wood revealed the largest chemical loss, while six % DPBx-treated wood had the least chemical loss in leaching test. Dimensional stability of woods after designated treatments were also analyzed by measuring the changes in moisture content and volumetric swelling at 27℃and 90 % RH after 28 days. Moisture content of treated woods were all lower than the control group. Average moisture content of six % DPBx-treated woods were 10.51 %（Cl）,10.50 %（Cj）, 8.82 %（Tc）. In addition, the treated woods showed lower volumetric swelling than the control group. Volumetric swelling percenttages of treated wood with six % compound preservatives were DPAp-treated Cl wood (3.63 %), DPB-treated Cj wood (2.95 %), and DP-treated Tc wood (3.27 %). All had the better dimensional stability than controls. The result of the soil-block decay test indicated that treatments improved fungal decay resistance. Mass loss of woods were significantly attected by treatment contcentration. The mass loss of 6 % DPAs-treated woods were Cl wood（1.04 %）, Tc wood （1.40 %）, and Cj wood （2.97 %） with the lowest mass loss against G. trabeum. In L. sulphureu test, 6 % DPAp-treated woods also showed the lowest mass loss. For T. versicolor test , 6 % DPAp-treated Lf wood was 0.37 % showing the lowest mass loss. In addition, mass loss of DPAp-treated and DPAs-treated woods were significantly lower than others, revealed excellent decay resistance performance. In conclusion, in terms of the efficacy of four treatments on antifungal effect, chemical retention, chemical loss, dimensional stability, and fungal decay resistance, Cj wood as for the compound preservatives, DPAs and DPAp performed better than the rests, while the effect of DP was insuffcient.

並列關鍵字

Compound preservatives ； Chemical loss ； Dimensional stability ； Fungal decay resistance ； Mass loss

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