透過您的圖書館登入
IP:54.83.176.101
  • 學位論文

以Daphnia magna進行臺灣南部地區污水處理廠及其承受水體中新興污染物之風險評估

Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants on Daphnia magna in a Wastewater Treatment Plant and its Receiving Water in Southern Region of Taiwan

指導教授 : 謝季吟博士

摘要


隨著化學工業的發達,許多化合物質被提煉作為特殊用途,在改善人類生活的同時,也對生態環境帶來莫大的傷害。本研究為瞭解普遍存在污水處理廠及其承受水體(Receiving water)的內分泌性干擾物質和藥物及個人防護產品之分佈與對生物體產生之風險進行評估,嘗試透過固相萃取法(Solid-phase extraction)萃取水體中目標污染物,藉此探討南部地區污水處理廠之水源中壬基苯酚(technial-Nonylphenol,t-NP) 、三氯沙(Triclosan,TCS)、咖啡因 (Caffeine)及二苯酮-3 (Benzophenone-3,BP-3)之處理成效。 研究結果發現,污水處理廠(wastewater treatment plant)進流原水均檢出t-NP、TCS、Caffeine及BP-3等四種污染物質,以Caffeine濃度居冠,TCS次之,其濃度分別為6251.8±8026.3 ng/L及77.9±170.2 ng/L。在污水處理廠去除率方面,因咖啡因 (Caffeine) 水溶性高,具有99%的去除效果,其餘的化合物質均未能有效去除。 在承受水體濃度分佈上,t-NP、TCS、Caffeine及BP-3的檢出率平均值為41.75%、58.5%、81%、52.5%,其中以咖啡因的檢出濃度最高,平均濃度介於2115.4±2496.5 ng/L (FS-R-3)~ 1208.4±997.9 ng/L (FS-R-4),其次為t-NP。 最後,在t-NP、TCS、Caffeine及BP-3四種目標化合物對Daphnia magna毒性試驗之半致死濃度(LC50)分別為0.163 (mg/L)、0.120 (mg/L)、476 (mg/L)及1.33 (mg/L)。根據上述結果顯示,除了咖啡因以外,其餘三種目標化合物有時呈現正去除率,有時呈現負去除率,顯示污水處理廠對處理流程並無法有效去除t-NP、TCS及BP-3三種目標化合物。依據四種化合物對Daphnia magna半致死濃度,可知 t-NP、TCS及BP-3對生物體的毒害較大,建議有關單位在工業廢水排放前先收集處理或訂定新興污染物質之排放標準,以俾減少水中污染物的含量。

並列摘要


As the chemical industry developed many compounds are refined to improve human life; meanwhile, it also has brought great harm to the ecological environment. This study is to investigate the distribution of the endocrine disrupting chemicals, drugs, and personal care products in sewage treatment plant and its receiving water, and to assess the ecological risks arising from the organism. We analyze the pollutants in wastewater by Solid-phase extraction and LC/MS/MS method, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of technial-Nonylphenol (t-NP), Triclosan (TCS), Caffeine, Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Southern Taiwan. Four selected contaminants, t-NP, TCS, Caffeine and BP-3, were all detected in the wastewater treatment plant. Caffeine had the highest concentration followed by TCS concentrations of 6251.8 ± 8026.3 ng / L and 77.9 ± 170.2 ng / L, respectively. As the removal efficiency in sewage treatment plant, the result showed the caffeine with high water solubility property has highest removal efficiency of 99% and the three other compounds are not effectively removed due to the random removal efficiencies. As for the detection frequency in the receiving water body , the average detection frequencies of t-NP, TCS, Caffeine and BP-3 were 41.75%, 58.5%, 81%, 52.5%, respectively, of which the caffeine concentration is highest with the average concentration in the range of 2115.4 ± 2496.5 ng / L (FS-R-3 site) ~ 1208.4 ± 997.9 ng / L (FS-R-4 site), followed by t-NP. Furthermore, the toxicity of t-NP, TCS, Caffeine and BP-3 was observed and the LC50 values on Daphnia magna were 0.163 mg/L, 0.120 mg/L, 476 mg/L, 1.33 mg/L, respectively. Based on the lethal concentration for Daphnia magna toxicity, we believed that t-NP, TCS, and BP-3 have larger effect on the aquatic organism. However, risk assessment showed that t-NP posed a higher risk, while TCS, BP-3 and caffeine showed lower risks to biota. It is recommended the review of new emission standards of the industrial wastewater discharge standard in order to reduce water contamination to the ecological environment.

參考文獻


90.吳孟純,2012,污水處理廠去除個人防護用品及放流水質對承受水體之評估探討。國立屏東科技大學環境工程與科學系碩士論文,屏東縣。
84.行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所,1999,NIEA W786.50B。
85.行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所,2005,NIEA PA101。
99.梁文薔,2001,咖啡因與健康(上)。健康世界,181(300),65-70。
104.莊鑫裕,1998,咖啡因對耐力性運動的影響。大專體育,(37),27-30。

延伸閱讀