黃豆生質柴油引擎發電機排放微粒之粒徑分佈

Size Distributions of Particles Emitted from a Generator Powered with Soybean Biodiesel

楊昌翰(Chang-Han Yang)

指導教授 ： 陳瑞仁

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00104

摘要

為瞭解生質柴油發電機尾氣中粒狀物(Particulate Matter，PM)及PM上多環芳香烴化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons，PAHs)及碳成分之粒徑分佈特性，本研究以去年度研究試驗獲得之最佳生質柴油掺配比20%（PAHs排放最小時，即S20）生質柴油（S20 (20% Soybean oil biodiesel + 80% diesel)）於柴油發電機無負載（0 kW）及高負載（3 kW）下，以微孔均勻沉積衝擊器（MOUDI）及奈米微孔均勻沉積衝擊器（Nano-MOUDI）對柴油引擎發電機排氣進行其排氣中PM0.01-0.056（nano particle）、 PM0.01-0.1（ultrafine particle）、PM0.01-1（submicron particle）、PM0.01-2.5（fine particle）、PM0.01-10及PM0.01-18等各粒徑範圍PM採樣，以探討柴油發電機排氣中PM、PM上碳成分(Organic Carbon，簡稱OC；Elemental Carbon，簡稱EC)與PAHs及其毒性當量(BaPeq)之排放特性。 研究結果顯示：與D100相比，無論有無負載，使用S20生質柴油時可有效降低發電機排氣各粒徑PM濃度；其排氣中所測0.01~18 μm粒徑微粒（即PM0.01-18）排放濃度可減少33.6%；無論使用D100或S20何種油品及有無負載，發電機排氣所測之PM0.01-18中約有75%以上是由粒徑小於1 μm之次微米微粒所貢獻；無論使用何種油品及有無負載，發電機排氣所測PM0.01-18範圍中其微粒上TC、EC及OC分別約有75、73及71%以上是由粒徑小於1μm之次微米微粒所貢獻，使用S20生質柴油時其排氣各粒徑微粒上TC濃度均明顯地較D100時減少。與D100相比使用S20時，發電機於無負載下其排氣PM0.056及PM0.1上Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq有增加外，其他粒徑微粒皆為減少；於高負載下其排氣PM0.056、PM0.1、PM1.0、PM2.5、PM10及 PM0.01-18各粒徑微粒上Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq皆為減少。無論有無負載，使用S20生質柴油時可有效降低發電機排氣各粒徑微粒上Total-PAHs（減少52.9~82.9%）及Total-BaPeq（減少56.6~92.9%）濃度。此結果顯示：黃豆生質柴油除可作為石化柴油之替代燃料外，發電機使用生質柴油時亦可大大地降低其排氣對人體健康之影響。

關鍵字

柴油發電機 ； 粒徑分佈 ； 次微米微粒 ； 奈米/超細微粒 ； 碳成分 ； 多環芳香烴化合物

並列摘要

In this study, the size distributions characteristics of nano/ultrafine particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbon content from a biodiesel-fueled generator under unload (0 kW) and 3 kW loads were investigated. We tested two types of fuel: D100 (pure petroleum diesel) and S20 (v/v = 20% soybean-oil based/converted biodiesel/80% D100). The size distributions of PM emitted from the generator using different fuels were measured with a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) and a Nano-MOUDI (with 0.01–18 μm aerodynamic diameters). The preliminary results showed that compared to D100, S20 bio-diesels effectively reduced the concentration of particulates in different size ranges emitted from the generator with/without loading. When using S20, the PM0.01-18 emissions reduced by 33.6%. Despite different loadings or fuels, more than 75% of PM0.01-18 was contributed by particles less than 1 μm. In spite of different loadings or fuels, more than 75% TC, 73% EC, and 71% OC in PM0.01-18 were contributed by particles less than 1 μm. Compared to D100, using S20 bio-diesel could significantly reduce the TC concentration of particulates in different sizes. Compared to D100, using S20 as the fuel of generator with/without generator loading reduced emissions of Total-PAHs (by 52.9–82.9%) and Total-BaPeq (by 56.6–92.9%) of particles in different size ranges, but the use of S20 at zero loading increased emissions of PM0.056- and PM0.1-bound Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq. These finds indicate that soybean biodiesel can not only serve as an alternative of fossil-diesel, but also reduce the human health impact exposed to the pollutants from generator emission.

並列關鍵字

diesel generator ； size distribution ； submicron particles ； nano/ultrafine particles ； carbon component ； polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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