以端足目(Hyalella azteca)進行污泥中藥物及個人防護用品經壓力輔助臭氧處理前後之毒性效應探討

Effects of Pressure-Assisted Ozonation on the H. azteca Acute Toxicity of Personal Care and Pharmaceutical Products in Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludges

吳雅靜(Ya-Ching Wu)

指導教授 ： 謝季吟

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00038

摘要

本研究主要目的為了解普遍存在之包含烷酚類物質(壬基苯酚(NP)、抗菌劑(三氯沙(TCS))、防曬劑(二苯甲酮-3(BP-3))及非處方藥物(咖啡因(Caffeine))等四種化合物於三座污水處理廠(A、B、C)生物活性污泥之分佈，係針對四大種類目標化合物經不同壓力輔助臭氧參數對消化污泥及活性污泥之去除率之濃度分佈探討並以毒性測試結果了解處理前後毒性效應之差異。結果顯示，三座污水廠污泥中NP、TCS及BP-3檢出率均高達100 %，其中以污水處理A 廠之消化污泥中NP檢出率最高，其濃度高達17.19 ± 4.10 mg/kg；污水處理B廠之脫水污泥中TCS(13.29 ± 6.36 mg/kg)濃度較高；污水處理C廠平均檢測濃度以脫水污泥中TCS的4.74 ± 5.59 mg/kg最高。在不同壓力輔助臭氧參數條件之去除效率比較可得知，使用高壓150 psi、循環次數40 cycle、臭氧反應時間5 min、土水比重1：20和臭氧濃度2 %下，NP與TCS之去除率可達七成，BP-3之去除率可高達九成以上。另外，為了解這些標的化合物所可能造成的生物效應，本研究使用H. azteca在暴露於不同污染物的目標化合物進行分析，再利用所得LC50 搭配化學分析預估目標化合物之環境生態風險。其結果顯示，NP、TCS及BP-3普遍存在於環境污泥中且生態風險RQ大多>10，顯示對水生生態存在中度到高度危害之風險，Caffeine低於檢測極限則不列入計算。以H. azteca測試臭氧處理前後之污泥毒性未能有明顯之趨勢，未來可加長天數進行生物探討。目標化合物於污泥中之高檢出率可確定污水處理廠經過處理後仍有高濃度之新興污染物，未來針對污泥之處理方法不容忽視。

關鍵字

污水處理廠 ； 烷酚類 ； 抗菌劑 ； 防曬劑 ； 壓力輔助臭氧 ； H. azteca /生物毒性 ； HASH(0x1854e150)

並列摘要

This study aimed to understand the distribution of pharmaceutical and personal care products in sludges of three wastwater treatment plants (WWTPs), focusing on four kinds of target chemical compounds which are alkylphenol (nonylphenol (NP)), antibacterial agent (triclosan(TCS)), UV filter (Benzophenone-3 (BP-3)) and over-the-counter (Caffeine (CAF)). These four compounds went through pressure-assisted ozonation with different parameter in three WWTPs sites and were investigated their removal efficiency of activated sludge and dewatered sludge. The results shown that among three WWTPs, the detection rate of four target compounds up to 100%. Especially, the activated sludge sample detection rate of NP is the highest in WWTP A and the concentration is up to 17.19 ± 4.10 mg/kg, the dewatered sludge in WWTP B, the concentration of TCS is 13.29 ± 6.36 mg/kg, and the the highest TCS detectable concentration in WWTP C in dewatered sludge is 4.74 ± 5.59 mg/kg. Through the comparisons of different pressure-assisted ozonation parameter, the removal efficiency of NP and TCS is up to 70% and BP-3 is 90% using 150 psi pressure, 40 cycles, 5 min of ozonation reacting, ratio of soil to water is 1 to 20 and 2% of ozonation concentration. In addition, the potential ecological risk evaluation was completed with by the risk quotient (RQ) calculation which is the ratio of median effect concentration (LC50) and peak chemical concentration. Overall, the calculated RQ greater than ten for NP, TCS and BP-3 which caused greater ecological risk to the aquatic organisms.There are no significantly different when using the H. azteca organism toxicity to test ozonation before and after treatment in sludge. Therefore, it is suggested to extend the days to conduct organism toxicity for further study. The high detection frequency of target compounds shows that WWTPs still has high concentration of PPCPs after treatment, which cannot be ignored when disposal route of sludge is discussed in the future.

並列關鍵字

Wastwater treatment plants ； Alkylphenols ； Antibacterial agents ； UV filter ； Over-the-counter drug ； essure-Assisted Ozonation ； H. azteca

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