我們是夥伴嗎？－寄養社工與寄養家庭關係之探究

Are we partners？－ Explore the relationship between foster

湯于萱(Yu-Hsuan Tang)

指導教授 ： 趙善如

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/社會工作系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00089

摘要

為能了解寄養社工與寄養家庭關係經營對於整體服務的重要性，因而本研究探討雙方在服務過程中發揮應盡的角色與功能、目前關係現況，並進一步討論彼此在關係中延伸夥伴關係要素組成及所需協助。本研究共針對高屏地區從事有關家庭寄養服務的寄養社工與寄養家庭各六名，總計十二位研究參與者進行一對一深入訪談，並藉由主題分析法的方式，呈現出寄養社工與寄養家庭雙方互動關係歷程及觀點。
本研究發現，寄養社工與寄養家庭互動的角色與功能中，寄養家庭對於寄養社工只侷限了解直接服務的角色與功能，而寄養社工在互動關係中是能看見寄養家庭兼具著監督寄養兒少行為的角色及原生家庭角色模範的功能；彼此互動關係上，單純由萌芽期至成熟其關係建立，寄養社工皆會有專業角色介入，而雙方於成熟期互動關係衝突解決方法上，寄養家庭呈現較為消極式的合作模式；雙方互動關係友善/不友善奠基因素及其影響中，寄養社工擁有正向個人特質及溝通，可直接影響雙方互動關係友善之因素、影響雙方互動關係不友善因素亦與寄養社工個人歸因有直接關係、雙方互動關係友善時，對於寄養社工、寄養家庭及寄養兒少三方皆會相互受益，反之，寄養社工與寄養家庭互動會產生不信任、難以溝通、懷疑等負向狀況；彼此於夥伴關係互動要素中，皆跑不掉雙向溝通、合作、清晰的角色、支持性服務等十一項夥伴關係要素，而在眾多夥伴關係要素中，以清晰的角色、資訊共享（坦承、即時性告知）、參與決策及平權之夥伴關係要素皆是不可忽略的，另外，參與決策及平權的夥伴關係要素，則應視整體服務輸送的工作模式評估其是否應具備於夥伴關係要素中；雙方夥伴關係協助，皆跑不掉支持性服務、資訊共享（坦承、即時性告知）、共同協調問題策略、參與決策、尊重及信任等夥伴關係要素，其中在支持性夥伴關係中，寄養社工所需為工具性支持，寄養家庭則為表達性支持，而對於寄養社工來說，未來於夥伴關係協助上，也會期待有合作一夥伴關係要素協助。
因此根據上述研究發現，分成五個層面提出建議：首先，對寄養家庭，主動性提出擔任家庭寄養活動的籌畫者之一、秉持「不預設立場」的態度與寄養社工溝通、以「寄養兒少最大利益」作出發點合作等；第二，對寄養社工，建立起與寄養家庭雙向溝通的管道、當下澄清誤解的語言措詞、藉著探問尋求寄養家庭的照顧需求等；第三，對社會福利服務輸送－家庭寄養服務機構，寄養家庭在職訓練課程，加入合作關係的內容、落實寄養家庭參與決策與充權等；第四，對社會福利政策，給予寄養爸爸在職訓練特列假、在家庭寄養服務法規中，推行寄養照顧「夥伴關係」之理念；第五，對未來研究，訪談中所使用的語言，應視研究參與者程度隨之調整、研究參與者可以擴展已停止從事家庭寄養服務的寄養家庭等。

關鍵字

寄養社工 ； 寄養家庭 ； 夥伴關係

並列摘要

To find out importance of foster social worker and family relationship management for overall service, this study investigates roles and functions of both parties in service process as well as current situations about their relationships, and further discusses essential factors of extended partnership and necessary assistances. It conducts one-on-one in-depth interviews with six social works and families who engage in family foster services at Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas. By subject analysis, this paper presents course of and viewpoints of interactions between social worker and foster family.
The present study finds that in roles and functions of interaction between social workers and foster families, foster family only knows role and function of social worker’s direct service. In interactive relationships, social workers engaged in foster service just realize foster families’ roles in supervising fostered children’s behaviors and establishing original family model. With regard to mutual interaction, social workers paly a professional role in the process of developing germination stage into mature relationship. In respect to way of solving conflicts during mature interaction stage, foster families show negative cooperation mode. In terms of reasons for friendly/unfriendly interactions and their influences, social workers have positive personal features and communication, which can directly affect factors of friendly reactive relationships. Factors that influence unfriendly relationship are directly associated with personal attributes of social workers. Friendly interactions are beneficial to social workers, foster families and children fostered. On the contrary, negative situations such as distrust, difficult communication and suspicion will occur in interactions between social workers and foster families. There are 11 elements involved in their partnership: bidirectional communication, cooperation, clear role, supportive service, and etc. Among these elements, clear role, information sharing (sincerity and prompt information), participation in decision making and equal rights cannot be neglected. Furthermore, operating mode of overall service delivery should be used as a basis for evaluating whether participation in decision making and equal rights should be included in partnership elements. Mutual partnership assistance necessarily includes elements such as supportive service, information sharing (sincerity and prompt information), problem-coordination strategy, decision participation, respect and trust. In supportive partnership, social workers need instrumental support and foster families require expressive support. For social workers, they expect cooperation assistance in future partnership.
Consequently, according to above findings, five pieces of advice are proposed. Firstly, for foster family, actively request for acting as one of family foster activity organizers, communicate with social workers with an attitude of “no preset standpoint”, and cooperate with “greatest benefit of children to be fostered” as the starting point. Secondly, social workers engaged in foster service should establish a bidirectional channel for communication with foster family, prepare proper expressions for making clarification, and know foster family’s care demands by means of inquiry. Thirdly, for welfare service delivery –family foster service organizations, collaboration contents, foster family participation decision and sufficient rights should be added into in-service training courses of foster family. Fourthly, in terms of social welfare policies, special vacation for in-service training should be offered to foster fathers; the idea of foster-care partnership should be implemented in family foster service laws. Fifthly, in future researches, languages used in the interview should be adjusted in accordance with interviewee’s degree and interviewees can be expanded to families that have stopped providing foster services.

並列關鍵字

foster social works ； foster family ； partnership

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