老人居住在安養護機構之家庭互動探討

An Investigation into Family Interaction of Old People in Residential Care Institution

王淑君(Shu-Chun Wang)

指導教授 ： 趙善如

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/社會工作系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00170

摘要

臺灣老人家庭社會結構，隨著老人照顧及各種需要，入住機構成為老人在晚年生活的選項之一。而傳統孝道與養兒防老的思維，在老人家庭及子女情感互動中，而老人面臨一連串生命變動的歷程，生命的連結及情感是銷融或豐富，在家庭互動關係中是圓滿還是缺損，親代或子代的立場與態度，分辨社會價值與評價，其老年父母與成年子女之家庭互動的議題值得我們關注。 本研究之目的主要在探討老人居住在安養護機構之家庭互動探討，透過訪談分享與老人對話，瞭解老人與子女互動經驗之樣貌。並藉由質性研究方法，以半結構式的深度訪談蒐集資料，邀請十位機構內老人參與研究，所得文依研究主題進行資料分類與分析。經過文本資料的整理，本研究歸納出「入住機構前家庭關係互動模式」、「機構生活與生活適應」、「入住機構後家庭關係與互動狀況」、「入住機構後家庭互動關係之期待」與「對傳統孝道及養兒防老社會交換理論之探討」五個主題來詮釋老人與其家庭互動之經驗與內涵。研究發現居住在機構內老人的家庭子女情感互動仍屬積極正向，雖然住居環境改變，但對老年父母仍有情感之互動，本研究絕大多數老人為高齡者，但不全然為依賴或需要的照顧人口，未來的社會老人亦然，而老人居住型態也以獨居者居多，並傾向不與子女同住，因此老年生活選擇入住機構明顯增加。 研究中發現老人並不是只有傳統孝道觀念，老年人更願意為子女保留彼此空間，不一定需要與子女同住，才是孝順的表現，五、六十年代之成年子女所背負的孝道責任，比父母親的養兒防老的觀念還要深，孝道並不突顯在情感意志裡，孝順就在日常生活中及行為上的具體實踐，有持續及連貫的積極作為，並非只有在共同居住上。當老人期待子女善盡義務時，子女無法達到老人之期待，老人受到現代社會環境的影響，對養兒防老不再期待時，養兒防老和傳統心理會是一大對抗，親子之間的互動關係有「愛要即時」的反思感受。最後，根據研究結果與討論，為老人家庭、對機構生活照顧、對未來研究等建議與省思。

關鍵字

安養護機構 ； 家庭互動關係 ； 老人家庭關係 ； 生活適應 ； 關係修復

並列摘要

With regard to family and society structure of the elderly in Taiwan, residing in institution becomes a choice for later life as a result of elderly care needs and other diverse demands. In emotional interactions between old people and their children, traditional concept of filial piety and “raising children for old age” exists. The elderly always face a series of changes in process of life. Therefore, issues on family interactions between old parents and their adult children are worthy of our attention such as vanishing or rich life bond and emotion, perfect or defective family interaction, standpoint and attitude of parents or offspring, and differentiation of social values and evaluation.
This study aims at investigating family interactions of the elderly living in residential care institution and knowing their experiences of interacting with children through the interviews with these old people. By virtue of qualitative research approach, it conducts semi-structured in-depth interviews for data collection, invites ten residents of the institution to participate in the study, as well as performs data classification and analysis according to research themes. Through summarization of text data, this paper generalizes following five topics to interpret experiences and connotations of interactions between elderly and their families: “family interaction mode before residing in institution”, “life in institution and life adaptation”, “family relationship and interaction situation after residing in institution”, “expectations for family interaction after residing in institution”, and “a probe into traditional filial piety and social exchange theory of raising children for old age”. Results of the present study demonstrate these institution residents’ emotional interactions with children are active and positive, and emotional interactions between children and old parents still exist under changes in dwelling environment. Most of the elderly in this study are advance-age people who are neither fully dependent nor in need of full care. This is a trend for future elderly of the society. In terms of pattern of living, most old people investigated live alone and tend not to live with children together. Therefore, number of the aged who choose to live in residential care institution significantly increases.
During research, the author finds besides traditional idea of filial duty the elderly are more willing to give a certain space to children; they don’t think living with children together is the only way of performing filial piety. Filial duties undertaken by adults of 1950s and 1960s are even stronger than their parents’ conception of “raising children for old age”. Filial piety is not highlighted in emotional willing, but expressed by continuously and consistently active actions in daily life and behavior more than just living together. When children fail to reach old people’s expectations for offspring’s good performance of filial duties and the aged don’t look forward to children’s support any more under influences of modern social environment, traditional concept of “brining up children to provide for one’s old age” will form a major confrontation. In respect to interaction between parents and children, we should “express love immediately”. Finally, in accordance with relevant findings and discussions, this study proposes suggestions of and reflects on elderly family, institution life care and future researches.

並列關鍵字

residential care institution ； family interaction ； elderly family relationship ； lift adaptation ； relationship restoration

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