六堆客家傳統造葬之作法與墓體空間意涵─以內埔、竹田為例

Methodological and Spatial Implications for the LiuDui Hakka traditional burial practices: A case study of Neipu and Zhutian

林敏如(Min-Ju Lin)

指導教授 ： 鄭春發

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/客家文化產業研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00246

摘要

臺灣民間常有入土為安，不外乎人對於土地的歸屬感。於是在葬禮的演進過程中添加了人文情感、生活習俗，直接影響了造墓安葬的形式與作法。然而，在工業革命之後，產業型態與生活方式產生了變化，在生活品質與都市整體發展需求下，政府逐漸禁限土葬，取而代之的是火葬，土葬市場逐漸凋零，失去市場的產業同等於失去了傳承誘因，原傳統造葬的形式與作法已面臨失傳的危機，尤其是擁有保存價值的客家二次葬習的造葬文化。其次，空間概念對於造葬的意義甚鉅，不管是墓體的配置或者構件的名稱都跳脫不了空間所賦予的文化意涵，空間更被視為文化習慣，包括文化的分類觀念與個人的實踐。
本研究在前述研究意識下，首先，回顧空間研究相關理論，並回顧過去有關造葬之文獻，就地理學的觀點來探究空間與身體意象對墓體的意義與價值。透過深度訪談與圖像比對方式進行造葬的紀錄、保存。其次，藉由六堆客家社會生產的空間實踐、將符號或者客家元素加註於墓體構件上的空間再現與「住者」與「使用者」思維的再現空間發展。最後，藉由文字與圖像的解說、比對，可將此一六堆客家特有的造葬文化意涵完整的保存、傳承。

關鍵字

造葬 ； 二次葬 ； 空間 ； 宇宙觀 ； 身體意象

並列摘要

Taiwanese folk legend is laid to rest, and only people belonging to land. So the evolution of funerals has been added to human emotions, that directly affects the burial forms and practices of the built tomb. However, after industrial revolution, industrial types and life styles have changes. For the demands for life quality and city development, governments gradually forbid burial in the ground, and instead by cremation. The market of burial in the ground has gradually withered, and lost its market is the same with losing heritage incentives. Traditional forms and practices of burial is facing a crisis of losing to the world, especially valuable double times buried acquisition of Hakka burial culture. Secondly, the meaning of the burial space is great, no matter it's tomb or its components that has cultural implications. Space is seen as cultural practices, including the classification of cultural ideas and personal practice.
In this study, first of all, is to review the related literatures on spatial research, and to review burial relevant literatures in terms of geographical views to explore space and body images to the tomb of body of meaning and value. The other method of the study is through in-depth interviews and images of to burial records. Moreover, through the spatial practice of six Hakka society, symbol or space on the Hakka elements of the tomb to represent spatial development thinking of "home owners" and "user". Finally, through the narration of the texts and images, the study can offer 六堆 unique Hakka buried preservation meanings and cultural heritage.

並列關鍵字

Construction of the Grave ； Secondary burial ； Space ； Cosmology ； Body Schema

參考文獻

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