雙酚A對有機廢棄物厭氧消化影響之研究

The Effect of BPA on MSW Anaerobic Digestion

吳佳晋(Jia-Jin Wu)

指導教授 ： 羅煌木

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

摘要

利用厭氧消化處理有機固體廢棄物，在近年來相當受到關注，這項廢棄物處理技術，能透過微生物生物代謝途徑，產生能源並作為電力和熱能使用。然而在都市體廢棄物中含有多元且複雜之毒性有害物質將影響都市固體廢棄物厭氧消化槽之操作效能與參數，因此研究都市固體廢棄物厭氧消化之影響因子，顯得格外重要。由於雙酚A (Bisphenol A, BPA)為環境荷爾蒙之一，使用範圍廣泛且全球釋放量已達46萬5千磅之多，且在垃圾掩埋場滲?液中常被檢測出來，來源為塑膠垃圾之溶出，由此得知，BPA已成為目前都市固體廢棄物中主要污染物來源之一，因此本研究擬對BPA對都市固體廢棄物厭氧消化的影響進行探討。
研究分為三大主軸，探討含不同濃度BPA之有機廢棄物對厭氧消化之影響，與改變固體物停留時間(Solid retention time, SRT)，對BPA有機廢棄物對厭氧消化之影響，與利用PCR-DGGE鑑定厭氧消化系統中，菌相組成及親緣關係，並尋找可適應或降解BPA之菌群。厭氧反應槽工作體積為4公升，SRT分別為13.3天、20天、40天，BPA濃度分別為10 mg/L、100 mg/L、500 mg/L，進出量為厭氧反應槽工作體積/固體物停留時間(4公升/20天=0.2公升/天；4公升/13.3天=0.3公升/天；4公升/10天=0.1公升/天)，取出之消化基質作為參數分析使用。
研究結果顯示，在SRT20的操作條件，有機廢棄物厭氧消化槽受到BPA的影響，各濃度的反應槽全面產生抑制現象，在持續操作至第126天後，BPA 10 mg/L組和BPA 100 mg/L組，微生物已完全馴化為適應BPA之菌群，促進了沼氣產率，約1~ 2.46倍，而在BPA 500 mg/L組，呈現完全抑制。SRT調整為 13.3天後，BPA 10 mg/L組和BPA 100 mg/L組，產能有下降趨勢，約促進0.4~ 0.7倍之沼氣產率，當SRT調整為40天後，受到SRT13.3時有機物濃度累積的影響，微生物無法負荷，造成活性的衰退。BPA分析結果顯示，液相中BPA濃度在13.25~20.65 mg/L時，不會改變微生物菌群結構，而是適應了其生長環境，並有提升都市固體廢棄物厭氧消化槽的沼氣產量之潛力，然而BPA濃度在95.36 mg/L以上時，則不利於都市固體廢棄物進行厭氧消化。PCR-DGGE分析結果顯示，Clostridium sp.扮演了分解纖維素的角色，兼性厭氧菌如Sporobacterium olearium、Klebsiella pneumoniae和Leuconostoc mesenteroides，則可將環境中殘餘的氧氣消耗掉，以利於絕對厭氧菌的生長，產甲烷菌群以Methanosarcina sp.、Methanosarcina barkeri和Methanomicrobiales archaeon為主。

關鍵字

雙酚A ； 固體物停留時間 ； 厭氧消化 ； 有機固體廢棄物 ； PCR ； DGGE

並列摘要

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion treatment for organic solid waste has been increasingly used in recent years. This treatment technology can generate energy through microbial metabolic pathway. Municipal solid waste (MSW) contains complicated substance with potential toxicity and harm that might affect the MSW anaerobic digestion. Thus, understanding the affecting factors and potential harmful substance for MSW anaerobic digestion is important.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the widely used endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). The global release amount has already found to be four hundred and sixty five thousand pounds. It has been detected very often in leachate of sanitary landfill. Recently, BPA has been found at MSW that might contain used polycarbonate. Release of BPA from MSW might be detrimental to the human health and the ecological environment. Thus, reducing the potential harm of BPA via MSW anaerobic digestion is the objective of this study.
There are three major themes in this study, investigating the effect f anaerobic digestion from various concentrations of BPA containing organic waste, changing solid retention time (SRT) to understand its effect on anaerobic digestion from BPA containing organic waste, and making use of PCR-DGGE to identify microbial community and their relationship to the anaerobic digestion.
The working volume of anaerobic reactor was 4 liters, SRT were 13.3, 20 and 40 days respectively. BPA concentrations were 10, 100, and 500 mg/L respectively. The input and output amount of substrates were 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 L/d respectively (4 L/20 d= 0.2 L/d; 4 L/13.3 d= 0.3 L/d; 4 L/10 d= 0.1 L/d). The digestate taken out was used for parameter analysis.
Results showed, under SRT20 operation condition, anaerobic digestion of organic waste has been affected by BPA. The reactors with different concentrations were found to be inhibited in the beginning. However, BPA 10 mg/L and BPA 100 mg/L added bioreactors were found to acclimate and adapt BPA levels and the biogas production was enhanced to be around 1 ~ 2.46 times. However, BPA 500 m/L added bioreactors were found to be inhibited completely.
As the SRT operated at 13.3 days, BPA 10 mg/L and BPA 50 mg/L added bioreactors were found to produce about 0.4 ~ 0.7 times of biogas accumulation compared to SRT20. As SRT was changed to be 40 days, the biogas production was decreased increasingly due to the potential shortage of substrate supply.
BPA analysis result showed, when BPA concentration was at 13.25~20.65 mg/L in liquid phase, it will not change microbial structure. However, it could adapt to its growing environment and has the potential to improve biogas production for MSW anaerobic digestion. As BPA concentration increased more than 95.36 mg/L, it was detrimental to MSW anaerobic digestion. PCR-DGGE analysis result showed that Clostridium sp. payed s a role in dissolving cellulose, facultative anaerobe such as Sporobacterium olearium, Klebsiella pneumonia and Leuconostoc mesenteroides could consume residual oxygen in environment that was beneficial for the growth of obligate anaerobic bacteria. Methanogenic bacteria were found to be the major species of Methanosarcina sp., Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanomicrobiales archaeon.

並列關鍵字

DGGE ； PCR ； Bisphenol A ； Solid retention time ； Anaerobic digestion ； Organic solid waste

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