住宿類建築室內天然光環境計算模式之研究

Aggression Models for the Indoor Natural Lighting in House Building

李佳隆(Chia-Lung Lee)

指導教授 ： 何友鋒

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/建築系建築及都市設計碩士班/碩士(2013年)

摘要

為了響應環保政策，內政部營建署將「綠色建築」列為營建政策的執行重點，其中「建築節能政策」列為最重要的一環。因此，如何減緩建築行為對環境所造成的負荷，是當前建築研究邁向環境永續經營之重要課題。目前國內外探討天然光環境利用多以實際測量及單一種天空情境進行模擬，導致實驗樣本不足及模式過於簡化等問題。有鑑於此，本研究目的是建構住宿類建築室內天然光利用之計算模式，以及應用情境、方位及遮陽組合，尋找最佳遮陽型式，並透過實測數據統整，得以提供中部地區住宿類建築遮陽適宜性進行模擬演算，作為中部地區天然採光利用及改善之參考依據。本研究方法是依據天然光環境原理，利用朝陽科技大學建築系人造天空圓頂實驗室，以及配合國際照明委員會（CIE）提出之15種天空情境參數，藉以設定趨近現實的光源環境，進行住宿類建築縮尺模型實驗，收集室內光環境測試數據，並透過比較分析得知均齊度及晝光率之優劣勢，進而以SPSS統計程式運算分析及強迫帶入法，釐清室內影響因子間之相關顯著性，建構高信度的多元迴歸方程式。實證研究則以6種遮陽組合之多元迴歸方程式進行預測演算，並與CNS標準照度進行比對分析，從中釐清各組合型式於各方位面向之適宜性，藉以達到預測最適合該地區環境之室內天然採光照度值，提供中部地區綠建築設計者參考。經由研究結果顯示，於全陰天情境下，天然光利用度欠佳，僅以西南向方位為主要利用範圍；再者為半陰天情境時，天然光利用程度較佳，良好的照度方位以西北西至東北東向為宜；於全晴天情境時，因光源過於強烈；相對地天然光利用不易，容易造成室內照度值過高等現象。因此，需透過即時修正及演算的優勢特性，將天然光利用改善至理想範圍照度，以尋找出室內天然採光利用之最佳遮陽組合型式。

關鍵字

多元迴歸方程式 ； 人造天空圓頂 ； 國際照明委員會 ； 住宿類建築 ； 室內光環境

並列摘要

In response to environmental policy, the Construction and Planning Agency (CPAM), the Ministry of Internal Affairs, has listed “green building” as the focus of construction policy implementation, in which the “building energy efficiency policy” is listed as the most important part. Therefore, how to slow down the load of construction activity on environment has become an important issue of environmental sustainability of buildings. At present, most academic discussions on the use natural lighting environment use the actual measurement and single sky situation for simulation, causing problems such as the lack of experimental samples and excessive simplicity of the models. In view of this, this study aimed to establish the computational models for the use of natural lighting in house building, and determine the optimum shading type according to the application situations, orientations and shading combinations. Meanwhile, by summarizing the measurement data, this study conducted the simulation computation of shading appropriateness of house buildings in Taichung area. The results can serve as a reference to the use and improvement of natural lighting in Central Taiwan. This study referred to the natural lighting environment principle, and used the Sky Dom Laboratory of Department of Architecture, Chaoyang University of Technology as the research site. Fifteen types of sky situational parameters proposed by CIE were used to set the lighting environment that is similar to reality, in order to conduct the house building scale models experiments. The data collected from the indoor natural lighting testing were analyzed to obtain the homogeneity degree, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of daylight rate. The SPSS computation and analysis and the forced input method were used to determine the relevant significance of the impact factors of indoor lighting and further construct the multiple regression equation of high reliability. The empirical studyapplied the multiple regression equations of 6 types of shading combinations for prediction computation, and compared the results with the CNS standard illumination for analysis to learn the appropriateness of various combinations in various orientations. This study was able to predict the optimal illumination of indoor natural lighting for the local environment, and provide a reference to green building designers in the midland. The results suggested that, in the scenario of the fully cloudy situation, the use of natural lighting is relatively poor as the southwest orientation is the only range of utilization. In the scenario of a partially cloudy situation, the use of natural lighting is relatively good in the orientations of northwest-west and northeast-east.In the scenario of a sunny situation, because the light source is too strong, it is relatively no easier to make use of natural lighting as it can easily result in excessively high indoor illumination. Therefore, the natural lighting should be improved to the range of ideal illumination through real-time modification and computation of advantageous characteristics in order to determine the optimal shading combinations for the use of the indoor natural lighting.

並列關鍵字

house building ； the indoor natural lighting ； CIE ； sky dome ； multiple regression

參考文獻

35. 黃鈺華，2007，《自然光環境下水平遮陽暨導光板採光效能研究》，碩士論文，淡江大學建築研究所。

36. 黃瑞隆、陳瑞鈴、林暐舜、洪於人，2005，建築開窗率與窗簾對室內環境熱舒適性之影響，＜冷凍與空調＞，第31期，pp.64-73。

23. 柳中明、馮欽賜、沈秀蓉，1989，懸浮微粒衰減全天空太陽輻射之研究，〈大氣科學〉，第17卷，第4期，pp.287-302。

1. Amankwah ,D.Y. , and Agyeman ,K.,1990,Differential Angstrom model for predicting insolation from hours of sunshine, solar energy ,vol.45 no.6：.371-377.

3. Barr, A.G, Mcginn, S.M., and Cheng,S.M,1996,A comparison of methods to estimate daily global solar irradiation from other climate variables on the Canadianprairies，solar energy，Vol.56 No.3, pp.213-224.