大氣細懸浮微粒金屬成份特徵及來源貢獻分析研究

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大氣細懸浮微粒金屬成份特徵及來源貢獻分析研究

Charaterisics of Metal Compositions and Source Contributions of Atmospheric Fine Particulate

謝岳書 , Masters　　Advisor：楊錫賢　　

繁體中文

化學質量平衡法；主成份分析；加強因子分析法；金屬元素；懸浮微粒； PM2.5 ； Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ； metal compositions ； Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) ； Enrichment Factor (EF)

Abstract │ Reference (118) │ Times Cited (3) │ Altmetrics

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In this study, the atmospheric fine particulate (PM2.5) in different seasons were collected from July, 2011 to June, 2012 in Northern Taiwan. The metal elements were also analyzed. Enrichment (EF), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) were applied to estimate the contribution of emission sources for the receptor sites. The results show that the PM2.5 mass concentration in winter and spring are higher than summer and autumn. PM2.5 concentrations are higher for the samplers at the right downwind than the upwind sitesof the industrial plants. PM2.5 concentrations measured on weekdays at industrial areas are mostly higher than those on holidays. The Port of Taipei and bus station have more diesel cars. PM2.5 concentration at the two sites in daytime is 1.24 ~ 1.69 times higher than in nighttime. For bus-only lane sampling, the PM2.5 concentration is highest in the morning for holidays, PM2.5 concentration is lowest in the afternoon. For weekdays, PM2.5 concentration is highest in the afternoon and lowest in the morning. PM2.5 concentrations for heavy traffic road at morning, noon and afternoon time in weekdays are 2.83, 1.92 and 1.40 times higher than holidays, it indicates that people might be exposed to higher PM2.5 concentration in weekdays than inholidays. The compositions of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na are high in the atmospheric PM2.5, as the metals Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn are higher at the industrial sites. Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe and Ni are much higher at the sites with more diesel vehicles. For the sties of tunnel/underground and underground parking lot, the metals Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn are siginificantly higher. The result of Enrichment Factor analysis reveals that the metal compositions Cu, K, Na, Ni and Pb are from non-soil sources. Principal Component Analysis results show that there are four factors. Factor 1 to factor 4 are defined as mixed pollution source, sea-salt, heavy oil burning contribution and crustal source, respectively. Chemical Mass Balance results show that secondary sulfate is the major contribution source, followed by motor vehicle and cooking.

Reference ( 118 ) 〈TOP〉

Adams, H.S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Colvile, R.N., McMullen, M.A.S., Khandelwal, P., “Fine particle (PM2.5) personal exposure levels in transport microenvironments, London, UK,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 279, pp. 29-44 (2005).
連結：
Almeida, S.M., Pio, C.A., Freitas, M.C., Reis, M.A., Trancoso, M.A., “Approaching PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 source apportionment by mass balance analysis, principal component analysis and particle size distribution,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 368, pp. 663-674 (2006).
連結：
Almeida, S.M., Pio, C.A., Freitas, M.C., Reis, M.A., Trancoso, M.A., “Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in a sub-urban area at the Western European coast,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 39, pp. 3127-3138 (2005).
連結：
Artinano, B., Salvador, P., Alonso, D.G., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., “Influence of traffic on the PM10 and PM2.5 urban aerosol fractions in Madrid (Spain),” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 334-335, pp. 111-123 (2004).
連結：
Burnett, R.T., Smith-Doiron, M., Stieb, D., Cakmak, S., Brook, J.R., “Effects of aprticulate and gaseous air pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations,” Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health, Vol. 54, pp. 130-139 (1999).
連結：

Times Cited (3) 〈TOP〉

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