應用模糊語意於多目標數控車削之最佳化研究

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF CNC TURNING PARAMETERS USING FUZZY ANALYSIS

翁義哲(Yi-Zhe Weng)

指導教授 ： 王明庸

大同大學/工程學院/機械工程學系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

在現今切削加工為機械製造的基本加工方法之一，隨著科技發展的進步，單一精度已經無法滿足工廠需求，尤其對多重品質（多目標）需求時，其製程之參數間相互關係較複雜，如何在多重品質的考量下，達到最佳化的目的更顯重要，且在有些條件下不易量測或儀器昂貴的要求下，能否以量化來代替其數值也是值得探討的地方。所以本研究擬對”表面粗糙度”、”刀具磨耗”、”材料移除率”作為研究的目標，以模糊理論來量化所尋求的目標，並以理想解類似度順序偏好法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution，簡稱TOPSIS)整合多品質的問題。
在本研究中，以田口方法直交表建立實驗方法，選擇容納四個因子(切深、進給、轉速、刀尖同心度）三個水準（低、中、高）的 直交表。再利用模糊理論將車削參數對於各目標的關係，訂立語意性規則，進行運算並加以數值化，並且綜合所有參數數值，利用進行優劣排序，讓使用者很清楚的了解各目標的相對關係。並利用田口法的運算，尋求最佳水準切削參數，並在數控車床上進行實際切削，以驗證最佳切削參數之適用性，將來作為使用者在設計製造上的參考。
在本研究的結果顯示，由模糊量化所得的最適切削參數A1B1C1D2經由實驗驗證，在TOPSIS的優勢排列下，為整體實驗前10%，證實不需實驗也可以達到此水準，並可以節省大量成本與人力，此結果符合我們預期的，且增加目標後的結果，還能維持在一定的水準上，證實語意量化是值得推廣的，對於車削研究價值性高，可供工程人員在切削實務上的考量，故本研究結果能提供實務數值控制切削作業，一套經濟且前瞻的多目標最佳切削參數分析方法，並建立最佳切削參數之參考依據，以提昇產業競爭力。

關鍵字

表面粗糙度、刀具磨耗、材料移除率、理想解類似度順序偏好法(TOPSIS)、田口法、模糊理論

並列摘要

Nowadays cutting processing has become one of the basic methods of machine manufacture. With the advance of technology, unitary precision has failed to meet the demand for manifold uses of machines whose processing involves complicated parameter variables. Given this demand, it is urgent to optimize the process of manufacturing to measure up to requirements of multiple quality dimensions. In addition, the feasibility of quantitative research is to be considered to deal with cases where measurements are not easily obtained or will not be obtained with the aid of expensive instruments. This research applies fuzzy analysis to discuss quantitative feasibilities concerning “surface roughness”, “tool wearing”, and “material removal rate”. Meanwhile, it aims to integrate multiple quality dimensions by using “Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution” (TOPSIS).
In this research, experiments are designed based on the orthogonal arrays developed by Genichi Taguchi (Taguchi methods). To fit the purpose of this research, four variables (cutting depth, feed rate, spindle speed, runoff), along with three levels (low, middle, high), are selected to perform these experiments. Furthermore, to specify factor interactions between these variables, fuzzy analysis is adopted to set up semantic rules between turning parameter and these variables, using algorithms to numerate, sort and estimate them. By employing Taguchi methods, the most feasible turning parameter is identified and applied to actual cutting on a CNC lathe. Results from these operations can be used as references for future manufacturing designs.
The results of this research show that A1B1C1D2 is the most feasible turning parameter verified by quantitative fuzzy analysis. Ordered by TOPSIS, it ranks among top ten in the percentage of total experiments, a result which ensures its application in non-experimental circumstances. These experiments demonstrate how the adoption of A1B1C1D2 helps save costs and manpower in actual cutting processing. This research offers a CNC cutting processing whose adoption of the most feasible turning parameter not only economizes the manufacturing process but increases competitive advantages in industry.

並列關鍵字

Taguchi Method ； Material Removal Rate ； Tool Wearing ； Surface Roughness ； TOPSIS Analysis ； Fuzzy Analysis

參考文獻

[26]詹俊凱，「競爭式多目標最佳車削參數之研究」，大同大學機械工程系碩士論文，2006。

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