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  • 學位論文

從美國之經驗及制度檢視台灣護理之家照護品質之評量機制

In search of a nursing home care-quality evaluation system for aiwan—Can we benefit from the US experience?

指導教授 : 蔡淑鳳 蔡仲弘
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摘要


研究目的:本研究之主旨在瞭解美國護理之家照護品質評估系統現況及其主要的照護品質評估工具,並與我國目前的護理之家照護品質評估系統及主要的照護品質評估工具做比較。最後提出幾點建議供未來發展護理之家照護品質之參考。 研究動機:國民平均餘命的延長和出生率的降低導致我國老年人口快速增加。在老年人口的數目及比率增加的趨勢下,失能及罹病率也會增加,預期將影響長期照護需求與支出。因此,需藉助先進國家的發展經驗以幫助我國儘速發展適宜的護理之家照護品質評估工具及系統,以符合國民的需求。 研究方法:本研究以實證研究(evidenced based research)之精神,搜尋、回顧及分析歸納在美國和台灣較盛行的護理之家照護品質評估主要的工具及系統之文獻。 研究結果:基本法規方面,美國和台灣對於護理之家的品質都有基本的法律規定。基本住民評估系統方面,美國有統一的住民基本評估工具(MDS),台灣並沒有法定標準的住民評估工具。評鑑訪查系統方面,美國有OSCAR系統,台灣有督導考核。一般大眾評估工具方面,美國發展了一個簡便的OIQ問卷,台灣有長照協會所提供的表格。 結論與建議:為了要提昇我國的護理之家基本住民評估、評鑑訪查的執行效果,我們需要進一步探討在全民健保的制度下,如何將基本住民評估系統、評鑑訪查系統與我國的支付制度做連結。同時,我們需要將基本住民評估系統、評鑑訪查系統及一般大眾評估工具的相關資訊提供給研究者、業者、一般大眾,並成立公開的資料庫及大眾化的網站。透過研究或現況的改變,對於基本住民評估系統、評鑑訪查系統及一般大眾評估工具做持續的改革。本研究的建議是,我們需要藉由健全支付制度、提升資訊分享、持續研究改革,進而提昇我國護理之家的整體品質。

並列摘要


Purpose of the study: The objective of this study was to review the major nursing home quality evaluation systems in the US in order for us to learn from their experiences and then to develop a system of our own according to our own culture. Design and Methods: Based on the principles and practices of “evidenced based research”, this study conducted searching, screening, analysis and evaluation of literature on quality evaluation of nursing home care in the US published during the period of 1985-2007. Results: Results showed that the US has a very diverse nursing home care system. There is a set Federal nursing home care rules and regulations for all states but there are also state and local rules and regulations governing nursing home care operations. In Taiwan there is a set of rules and regulations for the entire country. The US has the mandatory requirement for filing the Minimum Data Set (MDS)for each nursing home resident. No such requirement in Taiwan. The U.S. has the Online Survey, Certification, and Reporting System (OSCAR) that collects data during annual certification surveys by the state or their contractors. Taiwan has a similar system. The US has a nursing care quality evaluation form, Quality Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality (OIQ) for the public to use. Taiwan has a check-list created by the Long-term Care Professional Association. Conclusion: Despite cultural differences, Taiwan can benefit from the experience of the US in nursing home care quality control and evaluation. A system similar to MDS would probably be very useful. However, it must be pointed out that Taiwan must design its own system based on its own cultural and healthcare system. How the nursing care system is integrated with the national health insurance system is also an important issue that it will have a great impact on the quality of nursing home care in Taiwan. Further studies are obviously needed on this important issue.

參考文獻


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