Wild Cosmopolitan Gardens: Some Notes towards a Cosmopolitan Sense of Place

野性的大都會花園：朝向一個大都會地方意識的一些註解

Carmen Flys Junquera

《Tamkang Review》 42卷1期 (2011/12) Pp. 3-26

https://doi.org/10.6184/TKR.201112_42(1).0001

摘要

對不少批評家而言，地方意識對於達成全球環境認知是非常重要的。但是傳統上地方意識根基於出生地，浸潤了在地價值，在全球化的世界裡，要如何去發展這種地方意識？許多現代及後現代的主體已無法確認出生地，而文化批評家正是把沒有地方（placelessness）或者非地方（non-places）的問題視為當代社會的特色。但是如果我們不關懷地方，我們又怎能關懷我們的家，地球？薇爾布蘭伍（Val Plumwood）思索著地方敏感社會（place-sensitive society）的特色，烏蘇拉海瑟（Ursula Heise）倡議星球意識，發展出她所謂的生態大都會主義。本文討論當代大都會主體涉及地方意識時的困境。對於一個大都會人可能怎麼看待地方及顯現地方敏感，我設定四個可能的特色，用一系列大都會作家的文本加以解釋。本文雖為未竟之作，卻提供一個可能的起點，允許一個大都會地方意識的未來表述。

關鍵字

地方意識 ； 大都會主義 ； 生態批評 ； 地方敏感 ； 旅遊 ； 多重感受 ； 多重忠誠

並列摘要

For many critics, a sense of place is crucial in order to achieve a global environmental awareness. Yet in a globalized world, how do we develop that sense of place, which traditionally was rooted in a home place imbued with local values? Many modern and postmodern subjects can no longer identify a home place, and cultural critics are precisely addressing issues of placelessness or non-places as a characteristic of contemporary society. Yet if we do not care about place, how can we care about our home, the earth? Val Plumwood speculates on the characteristics of a place-sensitive society, and Ursula Heise argues in favor of a sense of planet, developing what she calls eco-cosmopolitanism. This article addresses the dilemma of the contemporary cosmopolitan subject with regard to a sense of place. I posit four possible characteristics of how a cosmopolitan might perceive place and show place sensitivity, illustrating them with a series of texts written by cosmopolitan writers. While still a work in progress, the article suggests a possible starting place which might allow for a future formulation of a cosmopolitan sense of place.

並列關鍵字

sense of place ； cosmopolitanism ； ecocriticism ； place-sensitivity ； travel ； multiple sensitivities ； multiple allegiances

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