推廣科學典範之分析

The Study of Extension Science Paradigm

蕭崑杉(Kun-Sun Shiao)

《農業推廣學報》 15期 (1998/12) Pp. 1-23

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.199812.0001

摘要

目前國內推廣研究仍處於多元觀點取向，其未具一致性的常態科學典範，因此，推廣科學的學術領域不明確，此情形影響其理論研究成果。本又即依據國內外推廣科學發展的實際情形，應用文獻分析和專家對話方式，嘗試分析各類推廣觀點是否具有整合演進情形，並提出發展本土推廣科學的新典範。基本上，推廣工作是始於大學推廣運動，因此，成人教育成為早期被廣泛引用的推廣研究觀點，美國推廣研究是持此觀點之主要國家。另一方面，歐洲主要國家則是以諮詢傳播來運作推廣活動，因此，傳播則是其推廣研究的主要觀點。若就台灣未來農業和鄉村發展趨勢前言，則提供資訊使農業經營者或一般民眾能產生有效決策，以解決其經濟或生活問題，將是主要推廣工作功能，所以，推廣科學研究應能解釋產生有效決策之知識資訊傳播相關現象。相較於目前成人教育和傳播學領域（以文化傳播為主要解釋現象）所持之研究觀點而言，則知識資訊傳播觀點將更能解釋未來推廣工作現象。概念上，其效力不只可解釋成人教育所重視的事實性知識發展現象，而且也可接連再解釋個人決策過程中所具有的價值性知識（資訊）應用現象。因此，在風險社會和網際網路傳播的未來環境發展趨勢下，推廣科學研究所依據的知識資訊傳播典範將能更廣泛應用來解釋農業、公共衛生、家政、環境保育、社會服務等不同領域的推廣工作經驗現象。

關鍵字

推廣科學典範 ； 成人教育 ； 知識資訊傳播

並列摘要

The controversy of varied extension perspectives has made the weakness of developing the unique academic field of extension science as well as the application of extension research results. Hence, to clarify the formalized paradigm of extension discipline would be an important issue for current extension researchers. This study just intends to analyze the paradigm change of past extension experiences and more concerns whether the new paradigm be recognized for constructing future academic status of extension science.At past experiences, extension work had been initiated with a way of university extension movement, and so, the perspective of adult education widely used to explain the extension experiences. Comparatively, the extension researches of North American have had strongly influenced on the retainment of adult education paradigm for a long time. In contrast, several major countries of Europe put more concerning on the perspective of advisory communication to view the extension work, and then, communication paradigm has been taken into account in their extension researches. Unquestionable, extension science now faces the troublesome to integrate the explanation of adult education and communication concepts.Based on the documented analysis and timely dialogue of experts discussion, the conclusions of the study are to provide some points of view in terms of the appropriate function of extension work in future Taiwan agricultural and rural development. Basically, the future Taiwan extension work is required to provide the useful information to farmers or general people for making better decisions on solving varied problems.Therefore, the extension researches are demanded to completely explain the totality of knowledge development and the process of decision-making and conceptually, the powerful force of knowledge information communication perspective would be taken consideration as new paradigm of extension science. The new paradigm would explain either the experiences of factual knowledge development come from adult education activities and more to analyze the appliance of valuable knowledge on decision-making.

並列關鍵字

extension paradigm ； adult education ； knowledge information communication