Role of Institutions in Rural Community Development in Taiwan

台灣鄉村組織在社區發展中的角色

賴爾柔(Erh-Rou Lai)

《農業推廣學報》 15期 (1998/12) Pp. 151-176

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.199812.0007

摘要

台灣的鄉村有許多不同種類的地方組織，例如農會、漁會、社區發展協會、獅子會、扶輪社、以及各種草根性的文教基金會等。做為基層社區發展計畫（包括政府支持的與民間支持的計畫）的實施機構，這些地方組織在台灣社區發展的過程中扮演著相當重要的角色，它們除了是各種資源與服務的支持者之外，還是計畫的發起者、資源動員者、以及資源的整合者，以求增加生產力、增進社區意識、並提高民眾的生活品質。一般而言，政府組織比較重視物質建設與生產福利建設的改進，非政府組織則從事較多有關社會教育方面的發展計畫，比較強調精神與倫理建設。世上唯一的不變就是變。今日台灣鄉村組織事實上面臨了急遽的社會變遷，也面對了鉅大的挑戰。全球化的趨勢、資訊科技的進步、以及社會變遷所帶來的衝擊是三項重要的挑戰。這些改變可能導致競爭的加劇與失業的增加。中華民國政府已經決定實施精省措施，以求提高生產力與效率，因而，鄉村組織在協助人們調適這些困難與問題時，其角色是相當重要的。為了應付這些挑戰與變遷，以維持競爭力，並使鄉村居民變得更為自主，鄉村組織必須在結構上加以調整與重組，以便能對組織的內在與外在變遷有所因應。這些組織的目標與功能均需重新加以檢驗，而農業教育者與社區發展工作者也應接受再教育，才有可能在提昇民眾的意識與增進其決策能力方面有所貢獻。

關鍵字

地方組織 ； 鄉村社區發展 ； 政府組織 ； 非政府組織

並列摘要

Many kinds of community development institutions exist in rural Taiwan. For example, Farmers' Associations, Fishermen's Associations, Community Development Associations, Lion Clubs, Rotary Clubs, and various grass-root cultural-educational foundations are common. As the primary organizations to implement government-supported and private-supported projects, these institutions play significant roles during the process of community development. They worked as resources supporter, service provider, program initiator, resource mobilizing agent, and resource integrator in increasing productivity, raising community consciousness, and promoting quality of life. Generally speaking, the government institutions paid more attention on physical constructions and the improvement of production and social welfare system, while the non-government organizations carried out more social-educational programs and focused more on spiritual and ethic development.Change is the only thing that never changes. Rural institutions in Taiwan have been facing rapid social change and huge challenges. Globalization, information technology change and the impacts of social change are three essential aspects. These changes might cause increasing competition and unemployment. ROC government has decided to phase out the provincial government to promote productivity and efficiency. As a consequence, the roles of rural institutions are more essential in helping community people cope with these difficulties and problems, In order to help local people deal with the challenges and social changes, to become self-reliant, some local institutions should be restructured and readjusted so that to maintain competitiveness to the service of rural people, and to meet the changes of internal and external environments. The goals and functions of these institutions have to be reexamined. The agricultural educators and community development workers also need to be re-trained in order able to improve people's awareness and to enhance their capacity.

並列關鍵字

local institution ； rural community development ； government institution ； non-government institution