漢譯佛典帶「與O＋俱」套接式主題鏈的構成及其成因

The Composition of Telescopic Chains with the ＂Yu與O+ Ju俱＂ Clause in Chinese-Translated Buddhist Scriptures and Reasons for Its Construction

林家妃(Lin Chia-fei)

《漢學研究》 40卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 227-257

摘要

漢譯佛典開場套語使用帶「與O＋俱」套接式主題鏈相當頻繁。該語段以「與O＋俱」小句接合動、靜兩個主題鏈：起首主題鏈是包含「與O＋俱」小句所構成的順承語段；後接主題鏈則是由回指前句介詞賓語「O」的零形回指語作為主題，進而構成明語段。佛典中「與O＋俱」的O有引進新主題的功能，連接起後接主題鏈，這是漢譯佛典獨有的特點。該結構的產生的根本原因在於梵、漢兩種語言類型差異，梵語採用形態作為句法關係的表達手段，漢語則以語序。落實翻譯層面，譯者採仿譯原典語序以於開篇樹立漢譯佛典文體風格。儘管如此，動、靜接合的敘述文體在先秦書面語已然存在，體現在此則個案中，因翻譯產生的信息組織方式不超出漢語既有小句合成模式。

關鍵字

小句合成體 ； 套接式主題鏈 ； 與O＋俱 ； 語言類型 ； 仿譯

並列摘要

This paper examines the information structure of the opening formula in Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures, which contains two topic chains of continuation and elaboration that are telescoped with the clause ＂yu O + ju＂ 與O + 俱. The beginning topic chain is a relation of continuation in sentences that contain ＂yu O + ju＂; the second is an explanatory sentence group in which the object of the preposition is under the domain of the zero anaphora. The ＂O＂ from the clause ＂yu O + ju＂ having the function of leading a new topic is the unique feature in Chinese Buddhist scriptures, and the main reason for its creation lies in the difference of language typology between Sanskrit and Chinese: the former, a synthetic language, uses inflection to express syntactic relationships within a sentence; the latter, an analytic language, utilizes word orders. Implementing planes of translation, translators used morpheme-to-morpheme translation (so-called calques or loan translation) to establish a specific style from the beginning of the scriptures. Nevertheless, a narrative style including both continuation and elaboration has already existed since pre-Qin written language. In this case within the present paper, the information structure produced via translation does not go beyond the existing pattern of clause complexes in Chinese.

並列關鍵字

clause complexes ； telescopic chain ； ＂yu O + ju＂ ； 與O + 俱 ； language typology ； calques

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