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臺灣地區土壤沖蝕預測公式之囘顧、研究與展望

A REVIEW, STUDY AND GENERAL VIEW OF THE EQUATIONS FOR PREDICTING SOIL EROSION IN TAIWAN

摘要


臺灣地區多山,面積有限,地質脆弱,地形陡峭,河川短急,雨量多且集中,因此自然災害屢見不鮮。其中,土壤沖蝕更是一個重要且不容忽視的問題。近年來,山坡地開發,如高爾夫球場,社區及森林遊樂區之開發,以及重大工程(如高速公路,快速公路,……)之興建,乃至民衆大量栽種檳榔或其他作物……等,都使得土壤沖蝕之現象更加惡化。爲了有效規範山坡地開發,確實做好水土保持,有效的評估土壤沖蝕是當前刻不容緩的工作。本文,搜集國內外有關土壤沖蝕預測之論文或資料其中包括影響土壤沖蝕各項因子之研究,諸如降雨逕流因子,土壤可蝕性因子,坡長因子,坡度因子,覆蓋及處理因子,以及水土保持措施因子等。除此之外,本文也針對這些論文或資料,綜合整理,析理出各個文獻的貢獻,並提出有待更進一步研究的方向及空間,作爲今後建立臺灣地區土壤沖蝕預測公式之參考。本文也針對目前常在臺灣地區應用的一些土壤沖蝕預測模式,加以探討及提出進一步研究的建議。根據以上資料,本文嘗試提出目前或可在臺灣地區參考使用之土壤沖蝕預測公式。這些預測公式相當程度的解釋了過去臺灣地區土壤沖蝕之試驗研究數據。然而,這些公式則有待未來更多且詳細可靠之試驗研究來驗證。而這些試驗及研究也在本文中提出,以供參考。

並列摘要


Taiwan is a small island, with mostly mountain areas. In this island, geological condition is rather complicated, topography is steep, rivers are short and rush, rainfalls are heavy and intensive. Consequently, a lot of natural hazards happened there. Among the hazards, soil erosion is an important one which can not be neglected. In the recent years, developments on the slopelands such as golf courses. slopeland communities, forest recreation areas, big construction projects, betal palms, vegetables, etc., accelerate the soil erosion greatly. To effectively control the developments on the slopelands and conserve soil and water. it is necessary to evaluate the soil erosion accurately. In this study, papers and information related to soil erosion prediction are collected. They consist of researches of the factors affecting soil erosion. The factors include the rainfall and runoff factor, the soil erodibility factor, the slope length factor, the slope steepness factor, the cover and management factor and the support practice factor. Aside from these, the collected papers and information are compared and studied so that contributions of each paper may be pointed out. And even further, future studies on the soil erosion prediction in Taiwan are also proposed in this paper. There are a number of soil erosion prediction models which are being applied in Taiwan. In this paper. these models are collected, compared and studied. According to the above information, equations for predicting soil erosion which may be applicable in Taiwan are proposed in this paper. Using the proposed equations, data of the field erosion tests in Taiwan can be explained rather satisfactorily. However, these equations need more support from quite a few experiments and studies. The experiments and studies to be done in the future are also proposed in this paper.

被引用紀錄


詹原魁(2014)。石門水庫集水區土壤沖蝕量之分析〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6841%2fNTUT.2014.00491
張雲岳(2013)。現地沖蝕釘試驗應用於集水區降雨影響土壤沖蝕之探討〔碩士論文,長榮大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6833%2fCJCU.2013.00204
陳茂榮(2013)。臺灣北部地區土壤沖蝕指數探討〔碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346%2fNPUST.2013.00157
黃志彰(2013)。台灣通用土壤流失公式土壤沖蝕指數之研究〔博士論文,國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346%2fNPUST.2013.00096
石玟山(2012)。高屏地區山坡地土壤沖蝕指數之探討〔碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346%2fNPUST.2012.00058

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