Little Lanyu Island , situated between Taiwan and the Philippines, about 5.5 km from Lanyu Island, Taiwan, is 1.75 square kilometers in dimension. Since 1934, there haves been no collection studies reported from this island. Our study team collected plants and surveyed the vegetation from 2001 to 2006. Presently a total of 200-plant species have been reported on the island as a result of this collection survey and the last previous study reported by Sasaki (1934).