傅柯權力與生命關係論述中的醫療與健康

Medicine and Health in Michel Foucault's Thoughts on the Relationships between Power and Life

楊志偉(Julian Chih-Wei Yang)

《中外文學》 49卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 59-103

https://doi.org/10.6637/CWLQ.202009_49(3).0004

摘要

本文旨在於檢視醫療、健康與相關概念，如醫院、醫生、公共衛生等，在哲學家傅柯探討權力與生命兩者關係論述中所扮演的角色。全文主要分成五部分：首先，本文釐清傅柯使用權力與權力關係詞彙的意義，並討論醫療和健康如何作為規訓權力的重要技術。接著，筆者處理傅柯的生命政治構想，說明他以不同方式看待權力與群體關係時，醫療所呈現的不同功用。再來，本文勾勒醫療、健康與自我照顧的關聯，聚焦其對自我關係的作用。然後，筆者回顧傅柯所談的幾種醫療關係，並以其作為思考健康的集體生命或權力關係可能的起點與範例。結論部分，本文則從瘋狂的角度，略談傅柯自我照顧概念的侷限。

關鍵字

傅柯 ； 醫療 ； 健康 ； 規訓權力 ； 生命政治 ； 自我照顧 ； 權力關係 ； 瘋狂

並列摘要

In this paper, I plan to examine the roles played by medicine, health, and related mechanisms, such as hospital, doctor, and public hygiene, in Michel Foucault's articulations on the relationships between power and life. I will first review his understanding of power, power relation, and disciplinary power, and then discuss how medicine and health serve as key techniques of discipline. After that, I will sketch Foucault's different conceptions of biopolitics and the different functions accordingly assigned to medicine and health. The third section moves on to what Foucault refers to as ＂care of the self ＂ and investigates the core status given to medicine and health in self technologies. Then, I will deal with several medicine-related relations mentioned by Foucault and treat them as the starting points or even paradigms that address the possibility of a free, healthy collective life and power relation. For conclusion, I will briefly speak of the limitation of Foucault's thoughts on care of the self in light of madnes.

並列關鍵字

Michel Foucault ； medicine ； health ； disciplinary power ； biopolitics ； care of the self ； power relation ； madness

參考文獻

Dean, Mitchell. “Foucault and the Neoliberalism Controversy.” The SAGE Handbook of Neoliberalism. Ed. Damine Cahill et al. Los Angeles: Sage, 2018. 40-53.

Dilts, Andrew. “From ‘Entrepreneur of the Self' to ‘Care of the Self': Neo-liberal Governmentality and Foucault's Ethics.” Foucault Studies 12 (2011): 130-46.

Downing, Lisa. The Cambridge Introduction to Michel Foucault. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008.

Hamann, Trent H. “Neoliberalism, Governmentality, and Ethics.” Foucault Studies 6 (2009): 37-59.

Ljungdalh, Anders Kruse. “Stultitia and Type 2 Diabetes: The Madness of Not Wanting to Care for the Self.” Foucault Studies 16 (2013): 154-74.