紋枯病罹病程度對稻穀產量之影響

Studies on the Effect of Disease Severity of Sheath Blight on Rice Yield

張義璋(Yih-Chang Chang)

《中華農業研究》 35卷2期 (1986/06) Pp. 202-209

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198606.0008

摘要

本研究依照國際稻米研究所水稻檢定計畫所訂紋枯病罹病等級，將紋枯病分爲0、1、3、5、7及9等6種罹病度，並分析水稻產量與紋枯病罹病度之相關性。第一期稻作，臺南5號及臺農67號之叢收量與罹病度呈直線負相關，其方程式分別爲Y=30.5349-1.2814X及Y=41.6277-1.9991X，相關係數分別爲r=-0.6006(上標 **)及r=-0.6240(上標 **)。兩個品種之穗重與罹病度呈直線負相關。臺南5號之程式Y=1.9692-0.0712X, r=-0.6503(上標 **)；臺農67號之程式Y=2.4478-0.1120X, r=-0.7008(上標 **)。兩個品種之稔實率與罹病度亦呈直線負相關，臺南5號之程式Y=87.3544-2.7693X, r=-0.6871(上標 **)；臺農67號Y=86.3703-3.2101X, r=-0.6877(上標 **)。估算紋枯病罹病度1、3、5、7及9等級引起之減產率，臺南5號分別爲14.9、26.9、99.0、32.9及40.2%，臺農67號則爲8.3、18.0、24.8、27.7及48.9%。第二期稻作，臺農67號水稻叢收量與紋枯病罹病度亦呈直線負相關，臺中大安試驗田相關程式Y=28.7854-0.8211X, r=-0.5554(上標 **)；本所試驗田之程式Y=22.8985-0.6800X, r=-05107(上標 **)。穗重與罹病度亦呈直線負相關，大安試驗田之程式Y=1.6381-0.0468X, r=-0.6228(上標 **)；本所試驗田之程式Y=1.6746-0.0320X, r=-0.3914(上標 **)。利用稻生育期間每10日調查一次之罹病度總和與叢收景或穗重分析相關性，得到相關直線之斜率與利用成熟期罹病度分析之直線斜率相似。

並列摘要

In this study, the disease severity of sheath blight was read in scales of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 which was referred to Standard Evaluation System for Rice of IRTP, IRRI. Yield, panicle weight and fertile percentage of rice were determined and related by regression to the severity of sheath blight observed 5 days before harvest of first-crop rice at Wu-Feng (TARI). The results indicated that negative correlations between disease severity and rice yield, panicle weight and fertile percentage were found on both varieties of Tainan 5 and Tainung 67. Their correlations were represented as following regression formulae: yield (gm/hill) Y=30.5349-1.2814X (r=-0.6006(superscript **)), panicle weight (gm)Y=1.9692-0.0712X (r=-0.6503(superscript **)), and fertile percentage (%) Y=87.3544-2.7693X (r=-0.6871(superscript **)) on variety Tainan 5; yield Y=41.6277-1.9991X (r=-0.6240(superscrip **)), panicle weight Y=2.4478-0.1120X (r=-0.7008(superscript **)), and fertile percentage Y=86.3703-3.2101X (r=-0.6877(superscript **)) on variety Tainung 67; and here X was the scale of disease severity. The yield loss of rice corresponded to the disease severity which read in scales of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 was estimated at 14.2, 26.9, 29.0, 32.9 and 40.2% for Tainan 5, and 8.3, 18.0, 24.8, 27.7 and 48.9% for Tainung 67, respectively.
In the second crop, the severity of sheath blight was investigated every 10 days during rice growing period at Ta-An and Wu-Feng. Yield and panicle weight of rice were determined and related by regression to either the disease severity of mature rice investigated 3 days before harvest or the sum of all disease indices which had been recorded during rice growing season. The relationship of yield and panicle weight of rice to either the disease severity of mature rice or the sum of disease indices was in negative correlations. The correlation between the disease severity (X) of mature rice and yield or panicle weight of rice was represented as following regression formulae: yield Y=28.7854-0.8211 (r=-0.5554(superscript **)), panicle weight Y=1.6381-0.0468X (r=-0.6228(superscript **)) for the rice at Ta-An; yield Y=22.8985-0.6800X (r=-0.5107(superscript **)), panicle weight Y=1.6746-0.320X (r=-0.3914(superscript **)) for the rice at Wu-Feng. When making the regression with the sum disease index (X), the formulae would be: yield Y=28.2874-0.1539X (r=-0.5565(superscript **)), panicle weight Y=1.6151-0.0091X (r=-0.6453(superscript **)) for the rice at Ta-An; yield Y=22.5832-0.1266X (r=-0.4878(superscript **)), panicle weight Y=1.6804-0.0075X (r=-0.4682(superscript **)) for the rice at Wu-Feng.