柑橘刺粉蝨之生物特性

Biology of the Citrus Spiny Blackfly Aleurocanthus spinif erus

錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien) ； 邱瑞珍(Shui-Chen Chiu)

《中華農業研究》 35卷2期 (1986/06) Pp. 222-229

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198606.0011

摘要

柑橘刺粉蝨(Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaint.))乃本省柑橘局部發生之害蟲，嚴重時亦可影響及柑橘之產量，本文報導該蟲之周年發生及生物特性等以配合其生物防治之研究與利用。
剌粉蝨在本省中部年發生6代，11月至次年3月爲其越冬期，但若蟲無休眠現象，僅發育期延長達3-4個月。田間刺粉蝨之第一至四代自卵發育至成蟲之存活率各爲18.9、12.0、10.0及21.2%。關西、卓蘭、萬豎（本所）及彎橋等處不施藥園，刺粉蝨發生密度平均每葉均低於1隻，偶有平均每葉高達10-12隻。該蟲天敵記錄有粉蝨蠅(Acletoxenus sp.)、粉蝨黃小蜂(Encarsia smithi(Silv.))、粉蝨黑小蜂(Amitus hesperidum Silv.)及蟲生真菌(Ascheronia spp., Aegerita webbneri Fawc.)等，但發生數量均不多。
刺粉蝨之第一、二世代成蟲較偏好在柑橘樹氣下半部周圍與中央部分產卵，與樹冠上半部周圍之產卵數差異顯著，待卵發育至四齡若蟲時，其在柑橘樹冠之分布無顯著差異。而第六代成蟲在樹冠產卵未見有偏好性，但其四齡若蟲數以樹冠中央部分最多，下半部之周圍次之，上半部之周圍最少，且差異顯著。
室內用柑橋苗飼育20、40及80對刺粉蝨，發現其成蟲產卵量與其族羣密度有關，且以40對組之產卵量最高，每雌平均爲19.6±3.0卵粒。該蟲自卵發育至成蟲之存活率，第一與第六代因在低溫季約在20%以下，其餘各代均在44%以下。

並列摘要

The spiny blackfly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaint.), Aleyrodidae has been recognized as one of the minor pest of citrus in Taiwan, but it can also cause the reduction of citrus yield when population is high. Our studies aiming at the life history and biological characteristics of this blackfly was made in order to develop a biological control program for the blackfly in Taiwan.
There are six generations of the spiny blackfly in a year. Overwinter take place in nymphal stage from November to March. Survival rates from egg to adult of each generation averaged less than 20%. The population density of the spiny blackfly was less than 1/leaf in the citrus grove at Wanfeng (Taichung), Kuansi (Hsinchu), Cholan (Miaoli) and Wanchiao (Chiayi), all sampling trees with no chemical treatment.
Three natural enemies of this blackfly were recorded as one predaceous drosophilid, Acletoxenus sp. and two parasitic wasps, Encarsia smithi (Silv.) and Amities hesperidum Silv. However, they all occurred at very low densities. Several entomogenous fungi infecting this blackfly viz. Aschersonia spp. and Aegerita webbneri Fawc. were found in wet season.
The adult spiny blackfly of the first and second generations preferred to lay eggs on the lower half section and the center section rather than the upper section of citrus tree. However, after their eggs developed into the fouth-instar nymphs, there were not significant difference on their distribution. The adults of the sixth generation have no preference for ovipositing locations. The distribution of the fourth-instar nymphs were found abundance in the order of center, lower half and upper half section of the citrus.
Potted citrus seedlings covered with glass cylinder (30×15 cm) were used for blackfly oviposition. Twenty, 40 and 80 pairs of adult flies were caged per cylinder, respectively with 5 replications. Results revealed that fecundity of the blackfly was closely related to its population density. The number of eggs laid per female in 40-pair treatment was the highest with an average of 19.6±3.0 (cf. 20-pair treatment and 80-pair treatment were averaged 8.2±2.3 and 12.5±2.9 respectively).