豆類白粉病生態之研究

Studies on the Ecology of the Powdery Mildew of Beans

謝麗娟(L. C. Hsieh) ； 張義璋(Y. C. Chang) ； 簡錦忠(C. C. Chien)

《中華農業研究》 37卷1期 (1988/03) Pp. 76-85

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198803.0008

摘要

自民國73年9月到75年6月止，於本所農場設立豆類白粉病觀測圃，每月播種大豆、綠豆及紅豆各一次，做白粉病的發病度調查。結果顯示各播種期中，綠豆最早發病，且最爲感病；紅豆次之；大豆於本試驗期間均未見發病。綠豆及紅豆白粉病之病勢，均自秋末（10月底）開始急速進展，冬季期間（11~次年1月）罹病率最爲嚴重，春末（4~5月）病勢開始下降，夏季期聞發病輕微。白粉病圃空氣中分生胞子之密度，日間比夜間多，尤其午間達最高舉；田間空氣中之分生胞子量與白粉病罹病程度呈正相關。除75年春北港地區的綠豆白粉病較嚴重外，73、74年冬季的屏東紅豆產區，和74年春的嘉義綠豆產區所調查的白粉病害，發病都較輕微。綜合各氣象資料做分析，可瞭解各氣象因子對病害之發生，實具有直接或間接的影響。故爲減少白粉病的發生，當秋作時，宜較早播種，而春作則採較晚播種爲佳。

並列摘要

The powdery mildews of beans were surveyed in the monthly sown bean plants at TARI from September 1984 to June 1986. No diseased plant was found in soybean while mungbean and adzuki bean were much more susceptible. Generally, the occurrence of this disease in mungbean was earlier and more serious than in adzuki bean. Mungbean and adzuki bean cultured in Autumn showed higher degree of severity than in Spring, especially in adzuki bean, and there was not much susceptibility difference in any plant stage. Most spores were disseminated during the day, especially at noon, while few were released during the night. It showed that there was not higher disease incidence while investigating in Ping-tung area (Autumn, 1984; Autumn, 1985) and in Chia-yih area (Spring, 1985), but the disease incidence was higher in Pei-kang area (Spring, 1986). From our climatic data, we believed that the distribution and severity of powdery mildew were directly and indirectly influenced by the environmental factors. Therefore, to lessen the occurrence of powdery mildew, it might be better to sow crops in early Autumn or late Spring.