臺灣局部地區溫度分布的影響因子

Factors Affecting Local Temperature Distribution in Taiwan

談珮華(Pei-Hua Tan) ； 曾雅琪(Ya-Chi Tseng)

《地理學報》 73期 (2014/06) Pp. 1-27

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.2014.73.01

摘要

本文利用1997-2010年綜觀氣象站及自動氣象站的逐時平均溫度資料，來了解自然或人為因子對台灣局部地區溫度分布的影響，我們使用的溫度參數有月平均溫、月平均的最高溫、最低溫和日溫差，以及逐時平均溫度。我們依測站地理位置與地形分布，於臺灣本島選取二條剖線。剖線A是位於台灣北部，取橫跨臺灣東西部且有相近緯度的測站，海拔高度是東西部較低，中間山區較高。以中間山區為分界，西部側站位在桃園縣及新北市，是都市發展程度較高區，東部測站位於較偏遠的市鎮，和西部測站相比，是較少人為開發區。剖線B是南北向，所取測站主要是位於臺灣西部沿海的地勢平緩地區。在影響溫度變化的因素上，對剖線A的相近緯度測站而言，可發現自然因子如海拔高度、海陸差異、洋流與迎風背風面的作用，以及人為因子如都市人工熱源排放，與建物多而導致熱能不易逸散的影響。而對剖線B的相近經度沿海測站而言，可發現自然因子如海洋調節的作用，使得測站南北的平均溫度梯度不大，但是風向的自然因子加上工業區工廠廢熱排放的人為因子，卻是影響此剖線溫度變化的主因。

關鍵字

臺灣 ； 溫度 ； 海陸差異 ； 人為影響因子 ； 都市熱島

並列摘要

Surface measurements from Central Weather Bureau synoptic and automatic stations are adopted to analyze hourly mean temperature in northern and western coastal areas of Taiwan during 1997-2010, and to clarify the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on local climate in Taiwan. Analyzed temperature parameters include monthly mean temperature, monthly-mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range, and hourly mean temperature. Two lines are chosen according to the station locations and topography. Line A is a east-west directed linerunning through a relatively constant latitude, through the north of Taiwan. The topography along this line is higher in the middle and lower at the two ends. The stations on the west of the mountains are located in Taoyuan city and New Taipei city, and are far more urbanized than those on the east of the mountains, which are located in relatively rural and undeveloped areas. Line B runs north-south through coastal and low topography areas of western Taiwan. Overall, the temperature distributions of line A seem affected by natural factors such as station altitude, land-sea temperature contrast, ocean currents, windward and leeward, and anthropogenic factors such as heat sources in the city and tall buildings blocking heat transport. The temperature distributions along line B appear influenced by the natural factor of ocean modulation, which results in minimal change in mean temperatures in different latitudes. However, the combination of wind direction, a natural factor, and heat emissions from industrial plants in large industrial parks, an anthropogenic factor, creates major temperature differences along line B.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； temperature ； land-sea contrast ； anthropogenic influence ； urban heat island

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