田與邊緣棲地的鳥類相組成－兼談物理性防治對種食性鳥類的驅除效果

Bird Compositions in the Rice Fields and Field Margins and Physical Barriers for Reducing Granivorous Birds Impact

方薏菁(Yi-Ching Fang) ； 賴肅如(Su-Ju Lai) ； 許富雄(Fu-Hsiung Hsu)

《植物保護學會會刊》 54卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 29-46

https://doi.org/10.6715/PPB.201206_54(2).0001

摘要

水稻是台灣的重要糧食作物，嘉南平原的許多稻作區經常鑲嵌著人工雜林與廢耕草地等邊緣棲地。本研究將稻作區劃分為4類棲地來進行鳥類相調查，並比較不同物理防治方法對種食性鳥類的驅除效果。研究期間共記錄有29種鳥類，樹林與廢耕草地之邊緣棲地所記錄的鳥種豐富度均較其他兩類稻田棲地高，其中五色鳥、小啄木與黑枕藍鶲等鳥類僅在樹林邊緣棲地被記錄。而樹林邊緣棲地的鳥類密度（177.8/ha）顯著高於其他棲地類型，其中又以雜食性及種食性鳥類的棲息數量較高，但在鄰近不同邊緣棲地之稻田棲地的鳥類密度則無明顯的差異。顯示稻作區之樹林及廢耕草地等邊緣棲地，具有提升農田生態系之鳥類多樣性的功能。而反光帶、旗幟與棉線等物理防治方式，則可降低麻雀在稻田中的棲息數量。

關鍵字

農地鳥類 ； 稻田 ； 邊緣棲地 ； 種豐富度 ； 作物危害

並列摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop in Taiwan. Rice fields are the most widespread farmland in the Chianan Plain of southwestern Taiwan. A number of marginal habitats are inset in the rice fields because the set-aside policy in Taiwan. Two types of field margins and two types of rice fields were distinguished to compare the mean species number and density of birds. This paper also compared the numbers of granivorous birds in the rice fields with none treatment and physical barriers. In total, 29 bird species were recoded over the study period. The numbers of species of rice fields were fewer than the other two types of field margins. A number of species such as Megalaima nuchalis, Dendeocopos canicapillus, and Hypothymis azurea, were only found in the woodland field margins. The bird densities in the woodland field margins (177.8 /ha) were significant higher than those in the other types of habitats. However, the species richness and density of birds were not different between the two types of rice fields. These results suggested the habitats of field margins could contribute to improve the avian diversity in agricultural landscapes. Besides, the physical barriers of reflecting tapes, flags, and cotton fibers could reduce the numbers of Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus in the rice fields.

並列關鍵字

farmland birds ； rice fields ； field margins ； species richness ； crop damage