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1974-1990年間臺灣地區中毒累積死亡率及潛在生命年數損失之趨勢

Trend of Cumulative Mortality Rate and Years of Potential Life Loss (YPLL) of Poisoning during 1974-1990 in Taiwan

摘要


臺灣地區化學工業發達,化學品之使用廣泛,每年平均約有1600人因中毒而死亡,本研究的目的,乃利用行政院衛生署之生命統計資料,分析1974年至1990年間,因為中毒死亡所造成的粗死亡率、標準化死亡率及累積死亡率的變化趨勢,並以潛在生命年數損失之計算方法來估算生產力的損失。分析結果發現1974-1990年間,國人由於中毒死亡之死亡率,男性略高於女性,平均約為萬分之一。其0-74歲之累積死亡率,則約為百分之一,在五項中毒死因中,毒物咬傷致死者已大量減少,可能是近年都市擴大,減少毒物樓習地,且毒蛇血清也已充分發明及使用。「以固體及液體物質或以家用瓦斯或其他氣體及蒸氣自殺或自為中毒」所造成的潛在生命損失年數為所有中毒死亡死因中最高者,但有逐年下降之趨勢;在「以團體及液體物質或以家用瓦斯或其他氣體及蒸氣意外中毒」此項死因中,男性所造成的潛在生命年數損失一直無下降,而女性在近年則逐年下降;而男性及女性在「藥品、藥物及生物製劑之意外中毒」的死因中,所致之潛在生命年數損失於1990年反而增加。中毒死亡所致之潛在生命損失,每年達6萬人年左右,而每年所損失的薪資額高達71億元。推測其原因,可能是職業與環境上各種新化學藥劑的接觸,又缺乏物質安全資料表,在意外中毒時搶救不及;但醫藥發達,使因意外及蓄意自殺而死亡的人數逐年減少。我們建議上述原因應儘快改善,以減少社會的損失。

並列摘要


Because chemicals and pesticides are widely used in Taiwan, there are about one thousand and six hundred deaths due to poisoning each year. The purpose of this study is, using the published vital statistics by health administration of Taiwan government, to determine the time trend of crude, standardized, and cumulative mortality rates and years of potential life loss (YPLL) due to poisoning during 1974-1990 in Taiwan. The annual mortality rate was around 1×10^(-4) during this period. The mortality rate of male was slightly higher than that of female. The cumulative mortality rate of 0-74 years of age was about 0.01. Among the five main causes of death due to poisoning, snake or insect bits have a major decrease. The YPLL due to poisoning or suicide caused by solid, liquid or vaporized chemical or gas is the highest. However, the deaths due to this cause also showed a tendency of decline. The tendency was prominent in female but not in male. Deaths and YPLL due to unintentional poisoning of drugs or biomedical substances were increased in 1990. The annual YPLL due to poisoning was about sixty thousand person-year. The salary loss equivalent to the YPLL was seven billion and one hunhard million New Taiwan dollars each year. Thus the prevention of poisoning is an important issue and more effort should be done on it.

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