大專學生之生命意義感及其相關：意義治療法基本概念之實徵性研究

College Students' Meaning of Life and Its Correlates: An Empirical Study of the Concept of Logotherapy

何英奇(Ying-Chyi Ho)

《教育心理學報》 20期 (1987/05) Pp. 87-106

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19870601.6

摘要

本研究以873名大專學生為對象，利用生命目的測驗、責任感量表、羅克齊價值量表、無力感量表、職業價值量表與時問知覺量表等工具，探討我國大專學生的生命目的與慧義，以及Frankl之意義治療學中有關生命意義感、責任感、自我超越、時問知覺等變項之關係。本研究得到如下發現：
一、我國大專學生中約有四分之一覺得他們的生命比較缺乏目的與意義，因而感受到「存在的空虛」。大學女生感覺生命缺乏目的與意義的情形比大學男生為嚴重。
二、大專學生之生命意義感與責任感呈正相關，與無力感呈負相關，與自我超越性價值呈正相關，與對過去、目前、未來持樂觀態度的時問知覺呈正相關。研究結果大多支持Frankl之意義治療學之理論。三、大專學生之責任感、無力感、價值觀念、時間知覺等變項可以解釋及預測「生命意義感」總變異量的33.4%。此外，這些變項也有效地區分出高、低「生命意義感」不同的兩羣大專學生。換言之，本研究用來測量生命音義感的「生命目的測驗」具有建構效度與區別效度。
根據上述研究發現，本研究認為「意義治療學」可以作為建立我國大專學生輔導工作之理論的參考。

並列摘要

This study investigates the meaning of life for Chinese college students and the basic concept of V. Frankl' logotherapy. Special attention is given to the relation of the meaning of life to responsibility, seif-transcedence, and time perception respectively. The subjects are 873 students from colleges and junior colleges. The findings are as follows:
1. One-fourth of the students feel a lack of purpose and meaning in their lives. Among college students, girls have more sense of existential vacuum than boys.
2. For college students, the meaning of life has positive relation to responsibility, self-transcendent value, and time perception, but negative relation to powerlessness. In general, the results support Frankl's concept of logotherapy.
3. The result also shows that the Purpose-in-Life Test, which measures the sense of meaning in life of Chinese students, has construct validity and discriminant validity.
Based on the preceeding findings, some recommendations for the counse ling to students who find little or no meaning in life are offered to colleges and educational authorities.