類胡蘿蔔素對檳榔嚼塊萃取物誘發倉鼠口腔癌症之預防效果

The Preventive Effect of Carotenoids on Betel Quid Extract Induced Oral Carcinoma in Hamster

錢信(Hsin Chien) ； 黃士懿(Shih-Yi Huang) ； 林永和(Yun-Ho Lin) ； 謝穎欣(Ying-Hsin Shieh) ； 謝孟志(Meng-Jyh Shieh) ； 王慧芳(Hui-Fang Wang) ； 謝明哲(Ming-Jer Shieh)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 26卷2期 (2001/06) Pp. 98-108

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.200106_26(2).0004

摘要

在台灣嚼食檳榔與口腔癌症的發生率有極高的相關性，而過去的研究亦指出檳榔嚼塊在口腔癌症癌化的過程中的扮演著促癌的角色。本研究係以倉鼠口腔頰袋(hamster cheek pouch)為實驗模式，探討單獨塗抹維生素E（α-tocopherol, 0.5% in mineral oil）和類胡蘿蔔素（β-carotene﹑lycopene﹑lutein, 0.5% in mineral oil）或四種抗氧化劑混合使用時對檳榔嚼塊萃取物誘發之口腔癌症預防效果。實驗組（含控制組共６組）在實驗前期4週內以DMBA為誘癌物，在實驗後期１２週內則以檳榔嚼塊萃取物（450克檳榔，120克荖藤和50克紅灰以300毫升DMSO萃取）和類胡蘿蔔素每日交互塗抹於倉鼠右側口頰，每次0.3毫升。實驗結果發現病理變化在口腔到食道黏膜上皮腫瘤確實以混合組最輕微而以對照組較嚴重。經由致癌物DMBA的誘導，檳榔嚼塊萃取物(BQE)的介入確實有促癌作用的產生，而類胡蘿蔔素的局部塗抹具有抑制檳榔嚼塊萃取物誘發口腔黏膜上皮腫瘤的產生，尤其是蕃茄紅素組和混合組較為顯著。當以個體產生之腫瘤負荷(tumor burden)的數量和體積而言，以食道和口腔黏膜上皮病灶比較，發現雖然口腔黏膜上皮腫瘤數目比食道少，但腫瘤負荷卻比食道多出許多，而且在腫瘤體積方面，食道比口腔黏膜上皮病灶較小。不論在食道及口腔黏膜上皮的腫瘤數目和腫瘤負荷，皆是以對照組最為嚴重，而類胡蘿蔔素局部塗抹能顯著抑制食道及口腔黏膜上皮腫瘤數目和腫瘤負荷的產生，其中以混合組抑制效果最為顯著。綜觀研究結果可知類胡蘿蔔素和維生素E能顯著抑制口腔癌症的發生，而混合投與則具有協同抑癌的功效。

關鍵字

類胡蘿蔔素 ； 維生素E ； 腫瘤數目 ； 檳榔嚼塊 ； 口腔癌症

並列摘要

The incidence of oral cancer is highly associated with betel quid chewing in Taiwan. Previous studies have shown that betel quid represents a promoter role during the carcinogenesis of hamster buccal pouch carcinoma. The proposed study investigated the preventive effects of carotenoids on betel quid extract (BQE) induced hamster oral cancer. Forty hamsters were divided into six experimental groups and treated with 0.3 mL 0.5% experimental agents, which including DMBA (9,10-dimethyl-l ,2-benz[a]anthracene), BQE, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and a mixture of equal amounts of carotenoid and vitamin E. In 16week experimental period, tested groups were initially daubed with DMBA for 4 weeks. In the following 12 weeks, groups were daubed with either BQE or a mineral oil antioxidants solution three times per week on alternative days. At the end of the experiment, the pouch and esophagus of each group was sampled, routinely processed for paraffin sections, and evaluated by a senior pathologist. The results indicated buccal or esophageal histological symptoms in the mixture group were less severe compared with the controlled group. By DMBA induction, the BQE intervention indeed promoted the development of oral cancer. Carotenoids present effectively inhibited the development of oral mucosal malignant tumors, especially in the lycopene and the mixture group, Compared with the esophageal and buccal mucosal pathology, the number of buccal mucosa tumors was less than those in the esophagus. However, the volume of tumors in the esophagus was smaller than the buccal tumors. Furthermore, the buccal mucosa tumor burden was much greater than those in the esophagus. From the carotenoid preventive viewpoint, the tumor number and burden in the esophagus and the buccal mucosa were the most severe in the controlled group. The application of carotenoids could significantly inhibit the development of both esophageal and buccal tumors, especially in the mixture group. In summary, the four different carotenoids significantly inhibited the incidence of oral cancer when administered alone as well as with a mixture of antioxidants, which produced a significant synergistic oral cancer chemoprevention.

並列關鍵字

carotenoids ； β-cartotene ； lycopene ； lutein ； α-tocopherol ； oral cancer