觀光發展階段與產業依賴程度對觀光衝擊認知影響之探討

The Influences of Development Stages and Tourism Dependency on Tourism Impact Perceptions

吳宗瓊(Tsung-Chiung Wu)

《戶外遊憩研究》 16卷1期 (2003/03) Pp. 45-61

摘要

許多發展較落後的鄉村社區，觀光開發被視爲是改善生活品質及强化地方產業體質的重要策略。然從觀光衝擊的角度思維，「觀光」對於地區發展是否是解決問題的萬靈丹，值得深入探討。觀光要永續發展，前提在於「觀光」是否真正對發展地區有長遠且正面的貢獻，而居民對觀光衝擊的認知是最直接的反應，也是最具關鍵性的課題。本研究的主要目的除了探討居民對觀光衝擊的認知外，更一步探討「觀光發展階段」以及「產業依賴程度」與觀光衝擊認知之關聯性。主要研究結果顯示整體而言居民對觀光發展給予偏向正面的肯定。觀光衝擊認知可以精簡爲六個構面，「實質生活環境負面」、「實質生活環境正面」、「自然環境正面」、「經濟正面」、「社會文化正面」、以及「社會文化負面」。「觀光發展階段」以及「產業依賴程度」均會影響觀光衝擊認知，惟「產業依賴程度」影響的層面較廣；且「觀光發展階段」與「產業依賴程度」對「自然環境正面」以及「社會文化正面」衝擊認知影響上，有顯著的交互作用。

關鍵字

觀光衝擊 ； 觀光發展階段 ； 觀光產業依賴性

並列摘要

Many rural communities attempt to utilize ”tourism” as an important community development strategy. However, if one considers both tourism positive and negative impact, tourism is really not a panacea for every community. Tourism development cannot sustain in an area for long, unless it can really contribute to the host community. In this way, residents' perceptions of tourism's impact plays a critical role. Tourism impact perception is the major issue for this study. In addition to illustrating the impact level and the multiple dimensions of tourism impact perceptions, this research further examines the influences of ”community tourism development level” and ”tourism industry dependency” on impact perceptions. This study's results revealed that, in general, residents held positive perceptions toward tourism development. Six tourism impact perception dimensions were extracted. Finally, both ”community tourism development level” and ”tourism industry dependency” have significant influence on residents' tourism impact perceptions.

並列關鍵字

Tourism impact ； community development ； tourism dependency

參考文獻

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