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台灣肢障者可適任之職類分析

Analysis of Job Profiles for People with Physical Disability in Taiwan

摘要


本研究的目的是在探討台灣肢障者所從事的職種特性,並分析主要職類在學業能力、職責、性向及工作力量上的差異性。 自1999年12月至2000年11月間,共收集156種肢障可勝任之職種樣本。結果顯示:一、職種特性分布情形;1.依中華民國職業分類典九大職類,以第七類技術工及其有關工作人員居最高比率。2.依職業興趣,以機械、工業生產和企業事務相關的工作類型最多。3.職業所需最低學歷,以高中、職的學歷要求佔第一位。4.依職種所需技能訓練時間,太多數的工作需要三個月以下的技能訓練時間。5.依職種所需手指靈巧度,有78%的職種其所要求的手指靈巧程度是屬於中下至中等者。6.依職種所需手部靈巧度,有80%的工作其所要求的手部靈巧程度也是屬於中下至中等。7.依職種所需動作協調度,有72%的工作其所 要求的動作協調程度是屬於中下至中等。8.依職種所需工作力量,有超過半數的工作屬於輕度。9.職責,在資料方面,有30%和27%的工作屬於彙整及核對。在人員方面,有34%和28%的二作分別屬於服務與受命。而在器物方面, 則有41%和26%的工作分別屬於一般作業及精密作業。二、肢障者通任之主要職類(技術員及助理、事務工作員、服務售貨員、技術工作員)在學業能力、職責、性向及工作力量上的差異性;從多變故變異教分析得知肢障者在四大主要職類中,其在學業能力方面,不管在語言能力、數學能力及推理能力等方面的需求,皆具有顯著差異程度。在職責方面,肢障者四大主要職類在資料、人員及器物等方面的需求上,皆具顯著差異程度。在性向方面,技術員及助理職類在一般學習、語文、空間、圓形知覺、手指靈巧之性向需求最高,而技術工作員職類則對機械推理與手部靈巧之性向需求最高,另事務工作職類則在文書知覺性向需求最高。 總之,大多數的肢障者迫任之職類是技術性和半技術性相關的工作。所從事的主要職類間在學業能力,性向與職責上各有不同的差異性存在。因此職業輔導評量及重建人員應依案主能力與工作職種之需求做正確的分析及媒合,以提升職業輔導評量及重建之成效。

並列摘要


The purposes of this study were twofold: (1) to explore the overall features associated with jobs held by individuals with physical disability in Taiwan. and (2) to compare the differences in specific job-related requirements including general educational development, worker functions (data, people things). aptitudes, as well as physical strength, across four major occupational categories that have high employment rate for people with physical disability. A total of 156 jobs were collected during the period from December, 1999 to November, 2000. The jobs included in the present study were restricted to those that have hired people with a physical handicap. The results revealed that among the nine primary occupational categories identified in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) published in Taiwan, physically disabled workers had the highest employment rate in the seventh occupational category, namely benchwork occupations. When considering the job groupings based on interest. mechanical-related occupations occupied the highest proportion, followed by occupations in industrial and business detail. The majority of jobs required a high school diploma or its equivalence, and that the amount of training needed for average performance in a specific job are on the whole below three months. In terms of performance level in physical demands, the proportion of jobs that were rated as below average or average in the areas of finger dexterity, manual dexterity, and motor coordination. were 78%. 80%. and 72% respectively. As anticipated. over half of jobs held by workers with physical disability were classified as light work. Moreover, with regard to data involvement as part of worker functions, 30% and 27% of jobs related to analysis and compilation respectively; 34% and 28% of jobs were associated with serving and taking instructions respectively. when dealt with people; 41 % and 26% of jobs pertained to manipulation and precision working in relation to things respectively. On the other hand. a one-way multivariate analysis of variance yielded a significant effect on general educational development across four major occupational groups (i.e., service occupations, clerical occupations, processing occupations, and benchwork occupations) .Follow-up univariate F values were significant for the reasoning, mathematics, and language. Likewise. both multivariate and univariate analyses demonstrated significant between-group differences in worker functions. In contrast. there were no significant differences in physical strength between the occupational groups. Finally, relative to the other three occupational categories. processing occupations obtained the highest ratings in the aptitude domains such as general learning ability, verbal. spatial, form perception, in conjunction with finger dexterity. Benchwork occupations attained the highest ratings in mechanical and manual dexterity dimensions, while clerical occupations achieved the highest rating inclerical perception component. In sum, most of the jobs held by the physically disabled workers belonged to semiskilled and skilled job categories. In evaluating vocational potential for the disabled persons, a comprehensive profile of strengths and weakness in job-related sphere should be assembled such that valid job matches can be accomplished by comparing the client's

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