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「台灣版有意義的活動參與量表」之發展：跨文化調整
Development of the Taiwanese Version of the Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment: Cross-Cultural Adaptation
摘要
參與有意義的活動是成功老化的指標之一；因此，如何評量年長者對於活動參與的主觀意義及客觀參與頻率在臨床實務上就相對重要。在數個與活動參與有關的評估工具之中，英文版「有意義的活動參與量表」（Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment）最符合理想的活動參與量表應具備的數項標準。「有意義的活動參與量表」含28個活動項目，具良好信度與效度，並可用來量測活動參與的意義與頻率。由於有意義的活動之選擇會因為文化不同而有所差異，因此本研究的目的為將「有意義的活動參與量表」翻譯並作跨文化調整，發展出適合台灣年長者使用之「台灣預試版有意義的活動參與量表」。翻譯與跨文化調整共含五個主要階段與一個三步驟之過渡期，依照執行之先後順序分別為：正翻、翻譯合成、反翻、專家諮詢、焦點團體、原量表發展者諮詢、專家會議與前驅測試。本研究發展出的「台灣預試版」共含29個活動項目；活動項目與量表格式皆經過調整，包括活動項目之增加、刪除或更改，以及頻率與意義分量表被置於同一項目之下。經前驅測試證實其在概念上、語意上、內容上及操作上皆與原版本達同等，具內容效度且題目易於為年長者瞭解。未來研究的方向為進行心理計量特質之檢驗，供臨床上標準化測量活動參與的意義程度之工具。
並列摘要
Engaging in meaningful activities is one of the indicators of successful aging; therefore, evaluating subjective meaningfulness and objective frequency in activity participation for the individual is crucial. Among several activity participation related measurements, ＂Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment＂ (MAPA) fitted all the selection criteria as an ideal instrument. MAPA has been proved to be valid and reliable in measuring the frequency and meanings of engaged activities, which included 28 activity items. Considering the meanings of activities are culturally specific, the purpose of the study is to cross-culturally adapt the MAPA for community dwelling Taiwanese older adults, aged 55 years old and above. 5 main stages and a 3-step transition stage were employed throughout the process, including forward translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, expert consultation, focus groups, consultation with the original developer, committee review and pilot testing. A 29-item ＂pre-final Taiwanese version of the MAPA＂ was produced after the cross-cultural adaptation. Adaptation included addition, deletion, renaming and re-definition on several activity items and changes of the format by placing the frequency and meaning subscale together in the same item. The original version and the pre-final Taiwanese version were then verified to be equivalent after pilot testing. Hence, the pre-final Taiwanese version demonstrates content validity and is easy to be understood for older adults. The future research will be focusing on further investigation of psychometric properties of the pre-final Taiwanese version of the MAPA.