從“秦納獎”(The Turner Prize)二十年，探討英國當代藝術的發展和特色

The Discussion of British Contemporary Art and Its Development from the 20th Anniversary of Turner Prize

陳永賢(Yung-Hsien Chen)

《藝術評論》 15期 (2005/03) Pp. 219-254

摘要

歷年來造成喧騰不已的英國泰納獎(The Turner Prize)，本著拔擢當代與前衛藝術家的創作精神，每年固定評選出優秀的藝術家公開舉辦展覽，其呈現類型包括繪畫、攝影、錄像、裝置、新媒體藝術等多元的媒材呈現。經歷二十年的泰納獎，經常以新潮的藝術風格引起廣大迴響，不管是藝文界或社會民眾都投以好奇的眼光，相對的，在嚴峻的批評下，不僅凸顯了英國當代藝術光環和帶動yBa風潮，也讓英國藝術躍登於世界性的藝術評論之中。
而泰納獎這股猶如巨浪襲捲般的潮流，也為當代藝術製造了諸多爭議，例如達敏•赫斯特(Damien Hirst)解剖牛羊獸屍的作品，瓦解二度空間的視覺感官；克里斯•歐菲立(Chris Ofili)將大像糞便結合繪畫，提醒新藝術(New Art)時代的來臨；馬丁•克里德(Martin Creed)以一閃一亮的空室裝置，讓藝術與觀眾互動的理論達到高峰。此外，除了呈現琳瑯滿目的藝術觀念，藝術家也受到此獎項榮譽和高額獎金的鼓勵，更可晉升於國際大展和前衛藝術核心。目前活躍於國際舞台的藝術家包括：瑞秋•懷瑞德(Rachel Whiteread)、崔西•艾曼 (Tracey Emin)、珊姆•泰勒伍德(Sam Taylor-Wood)、吉琳恩•魏林(Gilliam Wearing)、莫納•哈同(Mona Hatoum)、馬克•渥林格(Mark Wallinger)、安東尼•戈盟雷(Antony Gormley)、道格拉斯•高登(Douglas Gordon)……等人。
本文從泰納獎設立的背景切入，以史觀和藝術家的作品為基礎，進而探討前衛觀念與社會輿論之辯、泰納獎的作品分析、英國當代藝術的困境與重生等議題，並研究泰納獎所帶動的英國藝術潮流和特色。

關鍵字

泰納獎 ； 英國當代藝術 ； yBa ； 前衛藝術

並列摘要

In each year's contemporary art circuit, the Turner Prize always raises discussions and injects new trend to the public. The prize was set up with the spirit of encouraging contemporary and avant-garde artists. Each year, shortlisted artists coming from various medium of arts, such as painting, photography, video art, installation and new media, would show their latest works in the Turner Prize exhibition. Going through the twenty years of the competitions, Turner Prize has always received enormous responses from the sensational criteria, either from art circuit or general public. Its controversy also registers the name of British contemporary arts and thus throw the waves of sensational yBa onto the world avant-garde stage.
Carrying with frenzies, the Turner Prize is never shy away from controversy. Damien Hirst's anatomy on animals such as cows and sheeps deconstructs the traditional aesthetics in visual arts. Chris Ofili puts elephant dung on his canvas, which constantly reminds us the arrival of New Art period. Martin Creed′s installation themes the theory of interaction between arts and audiences. The prize is packed with diverse art concepts like a shopping list. Apart from the large amount of prize, the artists can also fulfill their dreams of appearing in international arts circuits. Among all, the British artists who are active with their own name internationally includes, Rachel Whiteread, Tracey Emin, Sam Taylor-Wod, Gillian Wearing, Mona Hatoum, Mark Wallinger, Anthony Gomley and Douglas Gordon.
This article aims to begin with the background history of the Turner Prize and bases on its context and artists works. The article will further emphasizes on the debates between conceptual arts and social consciousness. Also analyzing issues such as the works in Turner Prize from each different period, problems and the rebirth of British contemporary arts. Finally, researching the trends Turner Prize injects into the British arts and the idiosyncrasy it carries.

並列關鍵字

Turner Prize ； British Contemporary Art ； yBa ； Avant-Garde

參考文獻

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Borchardt-Hume, Achim(2001).Rachel Witeread.London:Serpentine Gallery.

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Button, Virginia(1999).The Turner Prize.London:Tate Gallery Publishing Ltd.