評估生態系健康度：台灣永續發展指標系統的新目標

Assessing Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Taiwan Sustainable Development Indicators System

江淑婷(Shu-Ting Chiang) ； 李玲玲(Ling-Ling Lee)

《都市與計劃》 32卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 145-159

https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.32.2.145

摘要

地球上各類的生態系提供人類許多重要的服務，是人類維生與發展的基礎。然而人類在使用資源與改變環境的過程中，往往影響生態系的品質與功能，甚至造成某些生態系的退化或消失，以致影響人類的生活與發展。因此在全球推動永續發展的過程中，建立適當的評估方法，以追蹤與預測各類生態系整體品質之好壞，並進一步引導適當經營管理決策的規劃與執行，以維護生態系品質、同時發揮其經濟利用，以及服務人類社會的功能，是永續發展兼顧環境、經濟、社會的重要課題。「生態系健康度」即是一種評估生態系整體狀況與品質是否足以穩定地發揮其功能的標準。我國永續發展指標系統原亦擬納入「生態系健康度」指標，但由於相關研究與資料收集之機制尚未建立，因此現有指標系統尚無此類指標。本文回顧美國、加拿大、澳洲、哥斯大黎加等地以及國內發展「生態系健康度」評估系統與選用指標的一些案例，以供國內未來推動「生態系健康度」監測與評估系統，並將相關指標納入「台灣永續發展指標系統」參考。

關鍵字

生態系 ； 健康度 ； 指標 ； 監測 ； 永續發展

並列摘要

Various types of ecosystem on the earth provide many kinds of services to human society They are the foundation of human subsistence and development However, the quality and function of many natural ecosystems around the world are affected due to resource utilization and environmental alteration by human beings The degradation and loss of natural ecosystems may eventually impact the quality of human life and future development of society Therefore it is important to develop an appropriate evaluation system to assess and keep track of the state of ecosystem, to provide guidance to planning and appropriate management strategies, and to meet the goals of maintaining ecosystem integrity, sustainable utilization, and societal services, which are also the goals of sustainable development The goal of ”ecosystem health” research is to develop a system that can assess the integrity and quality of various types of ecosystem in terms of providing ecological service Indicators of ”ecosystem health” were at one time considered but failed to be included in the Tarn an Sustainable Development Indicators System, because research and data supporting the calculation of these indicators were not available In this paper, we review ed examples and results of ”ecosystem health” programs and research of the United States, Canada, Australia, Costa Rica, as well as relevant progress in Tarn an, and provide references to the development of monitoring and evaluation systems of ecosystem health in Taiwan and the incorporation of relevant indicators in the Tarn an Sustainable Development Indicators System.

並列關鍵字

Ecosystem ； Health ； Indicators ； Monitoring ； Sustainable development

參考文獻

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