創新與研發、知識外溢之因果分析—以G20國家集團為例

Causal Analysis in Innovation, R&D and Knowledge Spillovers: The Case of G20 Countries

印永翔(Yung-Hsiang Ying) ； 陳思遐(Szu-Hsia Chen)

《經濟論文叢刊》 40卷4期 (2012/12) Pp. 515-538

https://doi.org/10.6277/ter.2012.404.4

摘要

本研究以Griliches（1979）所發展之知識生產函數為基礎，並採用G20國家集團1997－2008年追蹤資料為樣本，分析知識產出與知識外溢的關聯性。並應用晚近Krugman（1991）所發展之新經濟地理學架構，以空間誤差模型估計知識產出與研發投入、人力品質、政府政策、產業聚集之因果關係。實證結果顯示，當G20各國增加研發經費、每人平均收入、研發人員數量與產業聚落之際，各國知識產出將產生顯著正面之直接影響。本文另一重點為知識外溢效果，當鄰近國家增加研發經費、高等教育入學率、高等教育經費支出，對G20集團國內知識產出產生正面影響。值得注意的是知識外溢所產生的負面效果，當鄰近國家大量延攬研發人才與他國產業聚落興起之際，將導致G20國家知識產出之下降。

關鍵字

G20國家集團 ； 空間計量 ； 知識外溢效果

並列摘要

Based on the Knowledge Production Function developed by Griliches (1979), this research analyzes the relationships between knowledge production and knowledge spillovers for open economies. The empirical study applies G20 countries panel data for the period of 1997 through 2008. Also incorporated in the theoretical framework is Krugman's New Economic Geography theory (1991), which employs a spatial error model to estimate the causal relationships between R&D investment, human qualities, government policies, industrial agglomeration, and knowledge production. The results of this study show that R&D funding, per capita income, the number of researchers, and industrial agglomerations have positive direct effects on domestic knowledge production for G20 countries. Another important finding is the spillover effect from the neighboring countries: R&D funding, education enrollment, and education expenditures from neighboring countries have a positive impact on domestic knowledge production for G20 countries. However, when a large number of researchers are recruited by neighboring countries and industrial agglomeration in neighboring countries rises, a significant negative impact on knowledge production is observed.

並列關鍵字

G20 countries ； spatial econometric models ； knowledge spillover effects

參考文獻

紀玉臨、賴進貴(2010)。區域經濟收斂與空間外溢效應：台灣，1991-2001。地理學報。58，1-23。

陸怡蕙、施國珍(2005)。國際研發外溢效果對生產力的貢獻─台，日，韓三國之比較分析。台灣經濟預測與政策。36(1)，103-130。

Acs, Z. J.,Fitzroy, F. R.,Smith, I.(1999).High technology employment, wages and university R&D spillovers: Evidence from US cities.Economics of Innovation and New Technology.8(1-2),57-78.

Anselin, L.,Varga, A.,Acs, Z.(1997).Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovations.Journal of Urban Economics.42(3),422-448.

Audretsch, D. B.,Feldman, M. P.(1996).R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production.American Economic Review.86(3),630-640.