女人和男人的工作與家庭—攸關時間

Women and Men's Work & Family - Concerning Time

徐宗國(Tsung-kuo Hsu)

《婦女與兩性學刊》 4期 (1993/03) Pp. 175-206

https://doi.org/10.6255/JWGS.1993.4.175

摘要

採紮根理論的研究方式我們以深入訪談搜集了有關男女科學家，作家與醫生的自視工作與家庭協調的計質資料。由田野資料與理論性作品如Nieva (1985)，Feldberg & Glenn (1979)，Pleck (1977)以及Rapoport & Rapoport (1965)不斷辯證式來回導引出本文的理論架構。
本研究的經驗性發現可以歸類如下：
(1)工作與家庭是在一個角色系統之內的二部份，但他們彼此的互動作用對男女的意義與影響並不相同。
(2)在雙薪家庭裡，為了家庭的需要也間接有助丈夫的工作，女性作全部的工作上調適。
(3)不論就工作的時間質或量而論，女人深受工作對家庭的影響，反之對男人並無影響。
(4)以長時間片段而言，女人遵守男先女後的規範，也就是，家庭（尤其包括丈夫的）生命週期約束她而不是他的事業發展。
本研究的發現說明了：
(1)研究工作與家此一議題時，「家」的定義頗為重要；
(2)女性工作的特殊型態，例如性別標籤工作的深層原因應考慮到工作的性質，尤其時間面向（時間量、時間質、時間表、不確定性……）與家庭責任間協調的狀況。

關鍵字

時間 ； 時機

並列摘要

Using grounded theory approach, I gathered qualitative data on female & male scientists, writers and physicians' perceptions of their work & family. The analytical framework of this paper was derived from a dialectical interaction between my field data and conceptual works of Nieva(1985), Feldberg & Glenn(1979), Pleck(1977) and Papoport/Rapoport(1965).
A summary of the findings are as follows:
(1)Work & family are two parts in a role system but its interaction affects men & women differently.
(2)In the dual-career family, women make all the necessary adjustments on work in order to adapt to family's responsibilities and indirectly to their husband's career.
(3)Women with family responsibilities are more strongly affected by the quality and/or the length of their work time than men. In the long time span, concerning timing, they are ranked second in priority than men. That is, family's (including their husband's) time frame affect women's career development but not vice versa.
Findings of this research suggest:
(1)the definition of the family is important for a study of wouk & family interactions;
(2)the very reason for women's particular wouk pattern, such as the sex labeling of jobs might be explained by the very fact of women's attempts to coordinate family & work roles. It is especially true when their jobs are characterized by unique temporal dimensions as discussed in this paper.

並列關鍵字

time ； timing