海洋空間規劃強調之權益關係人參與：東西吉廊道禁漁協作會議之社會網絡分析

海洋空間規劃透過劃設功能分區以協調與管理各種海域使用行為，係奠基在生態系統下的綜合管理作為，因此非常強調權利關係人，包括政府、非政府組織與所有相關個體，在規劃過程的協作參與。近年來，社會網絡分析方法因得以圖像化權益關係人間的互動關係，而被廣泛應用於分析權益關係人參與公共決策的過程。澎湖南方四島國家公園於2014年公告設立，2017年在「行政院公共政策網路參與平臺」上有民眾提案「澎湖南方四島國家公園東西吉廊道海域劃設為完全禁漁區」，達到60日內完成5000份附議的門檻後成案。接著在約五個月期間，歷經3次協作會議會前、協作會議、3次會後討論、記者會及最後正式回應。此事件所辦理的各項會議共計有29位記名權益關係人／機關，其中有20位同意進行質性問卷調查，依事件性質設計兩種社會網絡，以社會網絡分析方法描繪該協作會議前、後權益關係人間所形成的「意見諮詢網絡」與「行動合作網絡」。透過檢視該社會網絡的緊密強度、分別指認前述兩種網絡中具影響力的參與者，據此探討權益關係人參與海洋空間規劃的角色、過程與其管理議題。

關鍵字

社會網絡分析；權益關係人參與；海洋空間規劃；東西吉廊道禁漁提案協作會議；澎湖南方四島國家公園

並列摘要

The purpose of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is to coordinates and manages various sea use through the establishment of zoning plan. MSP is an integrated planning process based on the ecosystem of the sea area which emphasis a great collaboration between stakeholders, including governments, NGOs, and all relevant individuals. In recent years, Social Network Analysis (SNA) has been widely use to analyze the process by which stakeholder participation in public decision-making because the interaction between stakeholders can be visualized. The South Penhu Marine Park is established in 2014. Three years later, in July 2017, there was a public proposal on the ＂Online participation of public policy＂: ＂Designate a prohibited fishing zone on Dongji-Siji marine corridor of South Penhu Marine Park＂. Within 25 days, the proposal has accomplished the threshold of 5000 seconders and thus was initiated. In the next five months, there were 3 pre-collaborative meetings, the collaborative meeting, 3 post-collaborative meetings, press conference, and a final official response. This research conducted a qualitative survey on all participants of the collaborative meeting. According to the nature of the event, two social networks were designed: ＂opinion consultation network＂ and ＂action cooperation network＂. The SNA method was used to analyses their social relationships ＂before＂ and ＂after＂ the collaborative meeting. As a result, we can describe the intensity of the social networks and identify influential stakeholders, then further to explore the role, process and management issues of stakeholder involvement in MSP.