果蔬分級機並列出料原理

Parallel Algorithm for Sorter Discharging

邱奕志(Yi-Chich Chiu) ； 陳世銘(Su-Ming Chen) ； 馮丁樹(Din-Sue Fon)

《農業機械學刊》 1卷1期 (1992/01) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.30062/JAM.199201.0001

摘要

以往果蔬選別機之設計皆著眼於選別部，出料機構較無深入研究，且一般之出料機構須等一個果蔬處理完後再接一個，速度慢且效率差。本研究所設計之並列式出料機構，可同時對選別部連續送來之分級訊號做處理，以並列處理的方法達到提高分級出料效率之目的。
本研究乃依據輸送帶速度，而不是依據時間延遲以判斷果蔬是否到達出料槽區，因此出料速度改變不會影響分級出料之作業。並列式出料機構乃以Z-80微處理機為控制系統，建立一分級訊號處理表，做分級訊號處理。本研究首先製作並列式出料模擬板，模擬果蔬在輸送帶上分級出料情形，結果顯示，模擬板可清楚地觀察到果蔬分級出料情形，並能達到並列式出料之要求。
試製皮帶式出料試驗機以作為應用實例。試驗設計採用4×4拉丁方格設計，以分析出料速度對分級精確度之影響，試驗分級產品為柳丁、檸檬、馬鈴薯以及套筒工件。結果顯示當顯著水準a=0.01時，速度不同對分級出料精確度有顯著之影響，分級級數多寡則沒顯著差異，而處理物間有極顯著差異。試驗分析結果顯示在100rpm的速度時，分級出料精確度為96%，最大作業能量為每分鐘每條線189個水果。為避免速度太快時使果蔬在皮帶上滾動，建議使用承盤式出料機構。本研究所設計之平行出料原理可應用於任何型式之出料機構，故亦適用於無上述缺點之承盤式出料機構。

關鍵字

並列式出料 ； 分級機 ； 微處理機 ； 果蔬

並列摘要

Sorting units were emphasized in the past studies and only, little attention was paid to the design of discharging system. The common dischargers process the fruits one by one, they are slow and inefficient. The parallel discharging algorithm developed in this study can simultaneously process and monitor the sorting signals sent by sorting unit, thus a parallel discharger can he designed and the efficiency can be improved.
In this study, to judge whether the fruits arrive at the discharging zone is based on the conveyer speed, not the delayed time, therefore, the variations, of conveyer speeds do not affect the operations of discharging. A Z-80 microprocessor was employed in the control system of parallel discharging, and a grading signal table was built in the RAM to conduct parallel discharging algorithm. An emulation board based on the parallel discharging algorithm was successfully developed, it provides a very clear demonstration and perfect verification of parallel discharging functions.
Timing belt was used for the design of the experimental discharger in this study, and 4 × 4 Latin Square Design was used to conduct the statistical analyses of discharging experiments. The specimens used in the discharging tests were oranges, lemons, potatoes and socket sleeves. The results show that, at the significance level of 0.01, the number of grades does not have a significant effect on the discharging accuracy while the discharging rate (i.e. belt speed) and specimens do. Data also indicate that at the belt speed of 100 rpm, the discharging accuracy is 96% and its maximum capacity is 189 fruits per minute per line. The shortcoming of using belts is that fruits tend to slip or roll on the belt, it is recommended that a bowl-type discharger be used. The parallel algorithm developed in this study can be also applied to bowl-type dischargers.

並列關鍵字

Parallel Discharging ； Sorter ； Microprocessor ； Fruit & Vegetables